The article analyzes the axiological component of verbal units that form paremiological funds in languages with different structures

Аннотация

The article analyzes the axiological component of verbal units that form paremiological funds in languages with different structures. Phrases, proverbs, and sayings reflect national and cultural characteristics and values accepted in a certain ethnic community. The author's understanding of the axiological component is presented, which is interpreted as a value associated with the assessment, present in the semantics of a paremiological unit. Keywords: paremia, proverb, value, evaluation, axiological component, intercultural communication, phraseological unit. Proverbs, sayings, and non-authorial sayings are classified in this article as paremias or units of the paremiological fund. We believe that the use of "paremiologeme" (like "phraseologeme") is also possible as a synonym. The study of units of the paremiological fund involves the use of such concepts as: culture, values, language, consciousness, and communication. The uniqueness of paremias lies in the fact that they are analyzed by scientists working in various fields - linguistics, cultural studies, axiology, psycholinguistics, philosophy, and communication theory. A paremia is a message that can be included in an act of (intercultural) communication. The semantic component of a paremia manifests itself in determining the value of an object or phenomenon concerning other objects or phenomena. It can reflect the results of the action of categorization or classification mechanisms. The didactics of paremias can be expressed in explicit and implicit forms, but, in one way or another, it is present in each verbal unit. The value component is one of the serious obstacles to successful communication, so a projection analysis of the functioning of paremias with a dominant axiological component in the context of intercultural communication was carried out. Proverbs (as well as phraseological units) are exceptionally fertile material for studying national and cultural specificity. According to V.N. Telia, these linguistic units are connected “…with the material, social or spiritual culture of a linguistic community and can testify to its cultural and national experience and traditions.” The representativeness of cultural codes is highest in the semantics of linguistic units that form the paroemiological fund of the language, which is confirmed by the results of studies by Russian philologists. Both proverbs and phraseological units testify to the national cultural specificity of linguistic 8 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference consciousness. These are linguistic units that objectify the cultural specificity of the images of consciousness of a certain ethnolinguocultural community. Semiotically coded results of linguistic activity of representatives of a certain linguoculture are cultural heritage. Acquaintance with them affects the formation of linguistic consciousness of individuals and the community as a whole. “The content of internal images of consciousness, reflecting objective reality in the form of subjective ideal reality, constitutes knowledge about cultural objects (that have fallen into the field of perception), which can be formed in two ways: firstly, by analyzing internal images, i.e. by analyzing subjective, ideal reality, if it is externalized (objectified), and secondly, by analyzing the cultural objects themselves, i.e. by analyzing objective reality”[2] The semantic component of a paremia manifests itself when determining the value of an object or phenomenon concerning other objects or phenomena. The axiological component can reflect the results of the action of categorization or classification mechanisms. Finally, the axiological component of paremias can be presented in prescriptions of a certain focus that have a didactic content. Modern humanitarization of knowledge stimulates the search for points of contact in philosophical views and interpretations of linguistic phenomena. An appeal to the origins of axiology within the framework of this linguistic study is dictated by the need for an interdisciplinary nature of the object under study. This is exactly the case when "... within the framework of each scientific approach, it becomes increasingly difficult to keep the object of your research in front of you and increasingly difficult to identify the mechanisms of its objectification". The axiological component in proverbs or sayings can be represented in the form of comments on a specific value (material or immaterial), which in the terminology of G. Rickert are called "goods". Proverbs also offer an assessment of goods - real or actual objects associated with value. A significant part of proverbs sounds like edification, and instruction, which is a recommendation for achieving a behavioral model. Some proverbs and sayings are a declaration of values of moral life. Proverbs and sayings included in the subject assessment group describe the actor: Ex ungue leonem (You can recognize a lion by his