The article examines the heterogeneous nature of syntactic relations in a sentence

Аннотация

The article examines the heterogeneous nature of syntactic relations in a sentence. Their dependence on syntactic functions, on lexical and grammatical features of a word, on syntactic positions of connecting word forms is substantiated. The ways of practical mastering by students of subordinate syntactic relations, models according to which phrases are created, taking into account the choice and use of prepositions, are determined. The importance of prepositional control is proved by defining the functions of prepositions, distinguishing their syntactic meanings Keywords: prepositions, lexical and grammatical units, syntactic relations, prepositional management, stylistic affiliation In a sentence taken separately or included in any segment of coherent speech, in the text, word forms appear in syntactic connections and relationships that organize the sentence into an integral unit of communication. However, the syntactic connections in the sentence are heterogeneous. Some of these connections come directly from the word as a lexical and grammatical unit, are predetermined by it and do not depend on the syntactic functions that this word performs in a sentence; other connections arise in a sentence and are conditioned by the syntactic positions of the connecting word forms. So, in the sentence Under a blizzard that sweeps overhead, Under a downpour, over a humming plain, I will not leave my post, like a sentry Posted by a sleepless divorcee (Vanshenkin), several types of connections are presented These are, firstly, connections in such combinations as buzzing over the plain, sweeps over my head, (I will not) leave my post, a sleepless divorcer; secondly, the connection of the subject with the predicate (I will not leave my post); thirdly, the connection of the name in the form of the creative case with the meaning of the acting the subject (breeding) with the passive participle; fourthly, the connection of circumstantially significant word forms with all the rest of the composition of the proposal they define: Under a blizzard, under a 10 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference downpour - I will not leave my post. In the first case, we have a connection predetermined by the word, regardless of its role and place in the sentence: in all its forms, in any syntactic positions or taken in isolation, the verb to hum can have a defining form over what (to hum over the plain, over the forest, over the sea ...), the verb to descend - its defining form from what (to leave the post, from the ship, from the stage ...), the noun breeding is an agreed definition (sleepless, vigilant, breeding) Such a syntactic connection, realized in a sentence, but predetermined not by the syntactic position of the word, but by the word itself, is called a verbal subordinate connection. On the basis of subordinate relations of words in the language system, phrases are constructed. N. Y. Shvedova reveals this concept in this way: "... subordinate connection of words is a formal grammatical dependence of one word on another, in which the presence of a dependent word in a certain form is predetermined by the categorical properties of the dominant word" [4, p.486]. Therefore, it is important for students to theoretically and practically master subordinate syntactic relations, the models by which phrases are created in order to master the language. It is clearly not enough to study phrases in syntax, since only in morphology the categorical properties of the words included in the phrases are most deeply and fully illuminated. Studying them in isolation from syntax, from speech activity, would lead to mechanical, aimless work for students. Morphology will provide great opportunities for improving the syntactic structure of students' speech, and of the morphological topics, the preposition is especially interesting because of its "syntacticism", since the forms of prepositional control play a big role in the language. V. V. Vinogradov believes that it is "in the rules of combining words through prepositions that the national specificity of the language is clearly manifested" [1, p.232]. A. H. Vostokov paid great attention to prepositional phrases. It clearly distinguishes the types of syntactic meanings and the functions of prepositions. The latter result from their lexical meanings, which are conditioned by connections with words of certain semantic categories. The researcher also points out that prepositions can serve as a means of control for certain limited semantic categories of words (to be angry at someone, something, etc.), or they may turn out to be "frozen" as part of a particular grammatical turnover (to be born into a father, go out into the world, believe in fate, etc. etc.). Highlighting different types of grammatically related or formal, auxiliary use of prepositions, A. H. Vostokov distinguishes them in connection with the analysis of the 11 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE Internation