СОЮЗЫ В АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

Аннотация

This paper contains an in-depth study of conjunctions, including their meaning, types as well as uses or functions in English. Conjunctions are words that link or connect two words, phrases, clauses or sentences together, either in speech or in writing. Conjunctions are one of the eight parts of speech in English, according to the traditional grammar. Apart from the coordinating, subordinating and correlative types, the author has also researched into other kinds of conjunctions that can be of great interest to the reader. The author deemed it necessary to carry out a study of this kind because over the years, this important area of language study has received less attention from language scholars and students of English/linguistics in comparison with other parts of speech like nouns, verbs, adjectives and prepositions. As this paper had unveiled, the author had not only conceived of conjunctions as one of the eight parts of speech in English, as upheld in traditional grammar, but also went beyond to examine the meaning and uses of conjunctions semantically and pragmatically as well as in propositional logic. This study is very significant, as it provides an impetus for those who hitherto have not thought of researching into this area of language study. Furthermore, the paper has presented before the reader a myriad of sentential examples for easy understanding or comprehension. Keywords: Conjunctions, Coordinating, Subordinating, Correlative. СОЮЗЫ В АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ Аннотация: Эта статья содержит углубленное исследование союзов, включая их значение, типы, а также использование или функции в английском языке. Союзы — это слова, которые связывают или связывают два слова, фразы, предложения или предложения вместе в устной или письменной форме. Согласно традиционной грамматике союзы — одна из восьми частей речи английского языка. Помимо сочинительных, подчинительных и соотносительных типов, автор исследовал и другие виды союзов, которые могут представлять большой интерес для читателя. Автор счел необходимым провести исследование такого рода, поскольку с течением времени этой важной области изучения языка уделялось меньше внимания со стороны языковедов и студентов, изучающих английский язык/лингвистику, по сравнению с другими частями речи, такими как существительные, глаголы, прилагательные. и предлоги. Как было показано в этой статье, автор не только рассматривал союзы как одну из восьми частей 29 речи в английском языке, как это поддерживается в традиционной грамматике, но также пошел дальше, чтобы исследовать значение и использование союзов семантически и прагматически, а также в логика высказываний. Это исследование очень значимо, так как дает толчок тем, кто до сих пор не задумывался об исследованиях в этой области изучения языка. Более того, статья представила читателю множество сентенциальных примеров для облегчения понимания или понимания. Ключевые слова: союзы, сочинительные, подчинительные, соотносительные. Traditionally, the conjunction is one of the eight parts of speech in English. A conjunction, as reported by Malmkjӕr, is defined as an indeclinable part of speech that links other parts of speech, in company with which it has significance, by classifying their meaning or relations. According to Leung, conjunctions have been studied under various labels and have drawn much attention from various scholars in the field of English/Linguistics over time: Halliday and Hasan treat them as “linguistic devices that create cohesion”, while Sanders and Maat describe them as a “semantic relation that is explicitly marked” (1-2). According to Er, as cited by Aidinlou and Reshadi, conjunctions are a “semantic connection between two clauses”. Furthermore, Leung cites four scholars in this regard. These are: Schiffrin, who treats conjunctions as “discourse markers”, Fraser considers them as a “pragmatic class of lexical expressions”, or simply, “pragmatic markers”, while Rouchota states that conjunctions “encode different meanings, and that they can be a procedural device”, and lastly, Caron conceives conjunctions simply as being used “to express various kinds of relations between utterances”. Aside from the scholars mentioned above, others most generally conceive conjunctions as linkers or connectors that join two words, phrases, clauses or sentences together, either in speech or in writing. To this end, Leech and Svartvik note, “Clauses or phrases may be linked together (coordinated) by conjunctions”. They further state that conjunction or coordination can also link two words of the same word class. Aarts says, “Conjunctions belong to a closed class of words that have a linking function”. (Closed class here means that we cannot derive another word class from conjunctions the same way we do with others such as nouns, verbs and adjectives). According to Roberts, conjunctions perform the function of joining any two or more sentences together to form another coordinate sentence. Speaking from the same viewpoint, L