Особенности развития синдрома выгорания у медсестер

Аннотация

participants ofprofessional development courses, i. e. This article is devoted to the problem of nurses (36) from various medical institutions. development of burnout syndrome in nursing staff. Results: it was found that 58.3% of nurses suffer The authors analyzed the literature data on the topic from emotional exhaustion, which creates certain chosen by the authors, studied the history of this obstacles when they do their housework after work. phenomenon, risk factors, identified the causes, 61.1% of respondents suffered from insomnia due and studied preventive measures of mental stress to work-related problems, which in turn, caused in nurses to prevent clinical manifestations and drowsiness in nurses during the next working day, development of the syndrome. preventing them from fully and actively engaged The purpose of the study: to study the literature in their activities. 66.6% of workers complained of on burnout syndrome, to identify the main problems headaches, neck and shoulder pains. associated with burnout in nurses, to develop Conclusion: Emotional states such as fatigue, preventive measures. weakness, nervousness can lead to BS and to a Research methods: logical and psychological decrease in the professional motivation of nurses. analysis o f the literature on the problem under study, Occupational stress factors led to the development o f sociological survey, statistical analysis, methods of health problems. From the presence of such bad habits psychological support. The sample consisted of online as Smoking and excessive coffee consumption, it can WWW.TSDI.UZ 35 ПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ СТАТЬИ ИОБЗОРЫ be concluded that nurses do not lead a healthy lifestyle regarded as stress in response to the relentless activity and have a tendency to burnout syndrome. and emotional demands that a person experiences with excessive "diving’’ in work and neglect associated РЕЗЮМЕ with family life and rest. The field of nursing activity Данная статья посвящена проблеме развития is a profession with the greatest predisposition to the синдрома эмоционального выгорания у сестрин­ syndrome of "professional” or "emotional” burnout, ского персонала. Авторы проанализировали ли­ since it is a constant communication with people тературные данные по выбранной авторами теме, in addition to patients and their relatives, during изучили историю этого явления, факторы риска, the whole working day, require care, attention and выявили причины, а также изучили профилакти­ restraint [1, 3, 4, and 12]. ческие мероприятия психического стресса у меди­ The professional burnout syndrome (BS) is a reaction цинских сестер с целью предупреждения клиниче­ of the human body that occurs because of prolonged ских проявлений и развития синдрома. exposure to occupational stress at a moderate intensity Цель исследования: изучить литературу по level. BS is a process of gradual loss of emotional, синдрому эмоционального выгорания, выявить mental and physical energy, which is manifested in основные проблемы связанные с эмоциональным symptoms of emotional, mental exhaustion, physical выгоранием у медицинских сестер, разработать fatigue, personal divorce and a decrease in appetite for профилактические мероприятия. work. In the literature, the term "burnout syndrome” is Методы исследования: логико-психологический used as a synonym for the syndrome of emotional or анализ литературы по исследуемой проблеме, со­ professional burnout [2, 5, 6, 7 and 11]. циологический опрос, статистический анализ, ме­ The first works on this problem appeared in the US. тоды психологического сопровождения. Выборка American psychiatrist H. Frendenberger in 1974 year состояла из онлайн-участников курсов повышения gave the name burnout, describing the psychological квалификации, то есть медсестер (36 человек) из state of healthy people who have intensive and close различных медицинских учреждений. communication with patients in stressful situations Результаты и обсуждение: было установлено, in the process of providing professional assistance. что 58,3% медсестер страдают от эмоциональ­ Social psychologist K. Maslach (1976) called this ного истощения, которое создает определенные condition a syndrome of physical and mental fatigue, препятствия при выполнении ими домашней рабо­ characterized by the appearance of such symptoms as ты после работы. 61,1% респондентов страдали a negative self-assessment, a negative attitude to work бессонницей из-за проблем, связанных с работой, and a loss of understanding and sympathy for patients что, в свою очередь, вызывало сонливость у мед­ [3, 7, 8, 9]. сестер в течение следующего рабочего дня, мешая The main cause of BS is psychological, mental им полноценно и активно заниматься своей дея­ fatigue. In the long run, when demands (internal and тельностью. 66,6% рабочих жаловались на голов­ external) outweigh resources (internal and external), ные боли, боли в шее и плечах. a state of balance of the organism is disturbed, Выводы: эмоциональные состояния, как