THE LEVEL OF SPELEOTURISM STUDY OF THE KARST PROCESS IN THE HISSAR SYSTEM

Аннотация

The Gissar ridge is located in the south-eastern part of Uzbekistan and has a unique geological structure and natural conditions. Along with the geological structure of the region and a number of natural geographical processes that occur in connection with it, various manifestations of the karst phenomenon have emerged. The article analyzes the history of development of karst formations in the Gissar ridge, the results of research conducted for their scientific study and the scientific and practical significance of the analysis of karst processes in the region in terms of karstological speleolitogenesis and speleotouristic direction of ecotourism. KEYWORDS: Gissar ridge, geological structure, karst process, cave, karstological research, hydrogeology, karstological speleolitogenesis, ecotourism, speleotourism. “THE LEVEL OF SPELEOTURISM STUDY OF THE KARST PROCESS IN THE HISSAR SYSTEM” P age 1 | 6 INTRODUCTION Later studies by geologists AV Danov (1936), NP Petrov (1955), PU Akhmedov (1968) have a The information about the karst formations of similar feature. the Gissar ridge, caves, described by Diodorus and Quintus Curtius Rufus, who lived and The political turmoil of the early twentieth worked in the III century BC, is very interesting century continued throughout Gissar as a (MA Hashimov-1976, p.). The works of the mountainous region until the 1930s. Later the great sages of the East Abu Rayhan Beruni, situation stabilized somewhat P.P. Geological Abu Ali ibn Sino, Mirza Babur also contain data collected during geological field search information about the caves, underground expeditions led by Chuenko (1931), N.P.Tuaev rivers, springs studied in the region (N.A. (1937) were mapped, details of the karst Gvozdetskiy i dr.-1977, pp-55, A.Nizomov- process developed at some points specific to 2018 , P. 81). the region were monographed. In particular, P.P. Chuenko (1931) provides information Scientific karstological research in the region about the Jurassic sulphate and carbonate began in the late XIX and early XX centuries. karst products of the Gissar ridge - pits, caves, Because the Gissar ridge covers the lakes (P.P. Chuenko, 1937, p. 383). mountainous areas of the Surkhandarya and Kashkadarya oases, which form the south- METHODS eastern parts of the republic, at that time the Views of the karst process in the area, in priority was to conduct geological prospecting particular karst caves, began to appear as for the use of existing natural resources, in interesting objects of study for archaeologists particular, mineral resources. Therefore, the as well. Because they could have yielded works of IV Mushketov "Turkestan" (1905), VI important scientific results as primitive Weber "Useful excavated Turkestan" (1913), settlements. Therefore, AP Okladnikov (1940) along with the geological structure of the proved that the Teshiktash cave in the study area and a number of natural Machaydarya valley replaced the Neanderthal geographical processes associated with it, the settlements by examining the skull of a 9-year- informant should be recognized as the primary old boy found here. scientific source. “THE LEVEL OF SPELEOTURISM STUDY OF THE KARST PROCESS IN THE HISSAR SYSTEM” P age 2 | 6 Karst terraces typical of carbonate deposits geomorphological structure - O.Yu. formed along the right bank of the Zarautsoy Poslovskaya, soil agro-zoning – N.T.Muraveva, gorge, starting from the eastern slope of the vegetation – IIGranitov, A.D.Pyataeva, Kokhitang ridge (Sherabaddarya basin), A.I.Aleksandrova, natural geographical zoning provided shelter for primitive people in the N. Two volumes of monographs "Kashka- Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. It was first Darinskaya oblast" (1959) and "Surkhandarya studied in 1912 by military topographer M. oblast" (1959) were published by D.Dolimov. Fyodorov, and in 1940-1945, archaeologist GV Lower Jurassic (J3) and Cretaceous Parfenov examined it and copied on paper in (Cretaceous) carbonate, sulphate, and black pencil pictures of more than 200 hunting chloride deposits that occur in mountainous scenes. Images of hunter-gatherers, hunting and partly foothill areas are recognized to be dogs, leopard-wild boar, and deer, painted on strongly karsted despite the dominance of arid the walls of the cave with ocher-red mineral climates. Although it was not formed, it was paint, were well preserved (A. Roginskaya- able to provide sufficient scientific evidence 1950). This study serves as an important for the strong development of this process in source in assessing the ancient and modern the Gissar ridge and therefore serves as a significance of the caves located in the Gissar cornerstone for further development of ridge. karstological research. After the Second World War, the Gissar ridge Shortly afterwards, the results of an was recognized as a less scientifically studied interesting study by A.A. Kreiter (1958) on the and at the same time developed mountainous formation properties of sulfate