RESEARCH OF POLYMER COMPOSITE MATERIALS BASED ON THERMOPLASTICS

Аннотация

The specific operating conditions of products made of thermoplastic materials necessitate targeted modification of polymer binders, which reduces the characteristic disadvantages of thermoplastics and enhances their advantages .The article examines some aspects of the use of composite materials based on thermoplastics. The most effective modifiers of polymer matrices, from the point of view of increasing their parameters of deformation-strength and tribotechnical characteristics, are components that prevent the development of thermo - oxidative destruction and tribocracking processes. In our opinion, the formed requirements for functional composite materials based on thermoplastics can be ensured by implementing the basic methodological principles, which consist in increasing the resistance to the effects of thermo oxidizing and operating environments and aging. KEYWORDS: Thermoplastics, polymer composites, modifiers of polymer matrices, tribotechnical characteristics, polymer mixtures. “RESEARCH OF POLYMER COMPOSITE MATERIALS BASED ON THERMOPLASTICS” P age 170 | 4 INTRODUCTION worsen the thermal and water resistance of plastics. Mineral fillers increase the strength, The specific operating conditions of products water resistance, chemical resistance, thermal made of thermoplastic materials necessitate and electrical insulation properties of plastics, targeted modification of polymer binders, but often increase their fragility and density. which reduces the characteristic disadvantages of thermoplastics and enhances Strength and reliability are the most important their advantages. characteristics of any material. When the material is stretched, simultaneously with Methodological approaches to the creation of elongation, its transverse dimensions are composite materials based on polymer reduced, which is characterized by the matrices in the presence of general patterns Poisson's ratio, which establishes a are characterized by a number of specific relationship between deformations along the features determined by the operating modes εx and across the εy of the sample: εx = µ εy. of the product, the requirements for manufacturability and economic parameters If the filler is as polar as the polymer, then it that affect their competitiveness when can have a strengthening effect on the compared with analogues. strength characteristics of the polymer material at a certain degree of filling. The As a result of the successful development of reinforcing effect of the filler is especially chemistry and physics of high-molecular clearly manifested when the filler has an compounds, a number of new polymer and ordered structure, for example in laminated composite materials with a wide variety of plastics. On the contrary, in the case of mechanical, thermophysical and technological unequal polarity of the polymer and the filler, properties have been created. The physical when the polymer "does not wet" the and mechanical properties of composites powdered filler, a decrease in the strength depend significantly on the relative content of characteristics of the polymer is observed. the components. The higher the fiber content, the higher the density, the higher (all other Thermoplastics macromolecules of any things being equal) the modulus of elasticity composition contain active centers due to the and strength of composites should be. structure of the molecular chain or the peculiarities of synthesis. These centers can The main reasons for the destruction of interact with various reagents, for example, polymer composite materials are swelling and with oxygen in the air. As a result, there is a cracking of coatings from the substrate. And significant decrease in the parameters of the the cause of swelling, cracking of coatings is service characteristics of products made of insufficient adhesive and cohesive strength, thermoplastics. Polymer compositions can be coating continuity, large size of crystals, as well divided into two types that differ in their as changes in internal stresses in coatings. structure: microscopically homogeneous Fillers play an important role in the durability materials consisting only of a polymer of polymer composite materials. substance, and microscopically Fillers can be organic or mineral in the form of heterogeneous materials consisting not only powders, rolls, sheets (soot, wood flour, of a polymer substance, but also of dispersed calcium carbonate, asbestos, talc, cotton or or oriented foreign particles or filler layers in flax fibers, fiberglass, etc.). Organic fillers it. increase strength, reduce brittleness, but “RESEARCH OF POLYMER COMPOSITE MATERIALS BASED ON THERMOPLASTICS” P age 171 | 4 The analysis of studies shows that the most chemical nature are due not to intraphase effective modifiers of polymer binders are transformations, but at the interphase components that prevent the development of level. The nature of the changes is processes of thermal oxidative degradation. Of determine