THE HISTORY OF UZBEK ARCHITECTURE AND ITS PLACE TODAY

Аннотация

This article provides brief information about the architectural structures built in the history of Uzbekistan and their specific aspects. Architectural styles, trends and monuments in ancient cities are described. After independence, monuments will be taken under state protection. KEYWORDS: Architectural styles, Zaruatsoi, Teshiktosh, Koshk, Varakhsha, Shahristan, Ichan Qala, Minorai Kalon, Farjak, Tillakori, Sherdor, Observatory. INTRODUCTION since ancient times. shows that his art is highly developed. Complex water structures built on this ancient soil in the period before Christ and after, which “Architecture and construction in the still preserves its beauty, are the remains of territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan began our ancestors' farming and craft culture, in the 10th millennium, according to some architecture and urban planning in our country data, in the 3rd millennium BC. In Judda, many “THE HISTORY OF UZBEK ARCHITECTURE AND ITS PLACE TODAY” P age 136 | 4 archaeologists find evidence that temples rooms were surrounded by the walls of the belonging to fire worshipers and Buddhists fortress, forming a square. One step down on were built in this country. the plain lies Shahar, and here are the dense residential complexes of the city surrounded THE MAIN RESULTS AND FINDINGS by a fortress wall”. The construction of castles in that period was In the following periods, mainly due to the also widely developed. The castles were built introduction of Islam, a number of changes on high places and served as a defense against took place in architecture. In the 10th century, external attacks. Today, the remains of about the first madrasa in the Islamic world - "Farjak" 400 fortresses exist in the territory of madrasa - was built in Bukhara. Architectural Uzbekistan. Ancient art monuments found in structures were built in many cities of our our country (Zaruatsoi paintings) belong to the country during the Karakhanids period. Mesolithic period. Samples of the Kaltaminor Unfortunately, most of these structures were culture give an idea of the art of the Neolithic destroyed during the Mongol invasion. From period. A large stone statue of two snakes with the 15th-16th centuries, the folk architecture their heads facing each other, made in the of Bukhara, Khorezm, Samarkand, Kokan, form of a bracelet, found in the valley of Sokh Surkhandarya, Kashkadarya has its own (Fergana), was created at the end of the 2nd construction styles. millennium BC - the beginning of the 1st millennium BC. In those times, ceramic dishes The beginning of Samarkand architecture is were decorated with simple patterns (triangle, connected with the monuments of Afrosiyab. arch, striped). Settlements in the stone age It is said that the town of Afrosiyob was consisted of caves (Teshiktash cave) and cone- formed in the V-VII centuries BC. The shaped chaylas made of tree trunks and architecture and construction of that period straw”. was related to the socio-economic conditions, which were considered complex for that Architecture in the early Middle Ages in period, such as the provision of water to the Uzbekistan is described mainly by the example population, the construction of the 5.5 km of the construction of castles and the long fortress walls. On the southern slope of construction of residential areas. In a relatively Afrosiab, near the tomb of Qussam ibn Abbas, small village castle called Bolaliktepa, located there is a magnificent complex of mausoleums north of Termez, 10 long rows of rooms all face - Shahi Zinda. The Bibikhanim Mosque, built by an inner courtyard. The fortress is located Amir Temur in honor of his beloved wife separately in Panjikent, and in the territory of Saraymulkhanim, is a classic example of Shahristan, huge temples with a unique Central Asian architecture, a majestic history are surrounded by service houses. The architectural structure. Great and unique construction of the city of Sogd is depicted by buildings Ulugbek (1417-1420s), Sherdor Varakhsha, which is typical for Uzbekistan. It is (1619-1636) madrasas and Tillakori madrasa- located in the western part of Bukhara. The mosque (1646-1646) were built in Registan general scheme of the spatial and planning square. Ulugbek observatory was built in solution of the city of Varakhsha was as Samarkand in 1428-1429. The observatory follows: the two-towered palace of the building disappeared. It was found by Vyatkin provincial governor (hunukkhudot) and the in 1908 as a result of many researches. In the Koshk were built higher than the surroundings. 18th century and later, the city of Samarkand Along with the palace, the palace and farm suffered a lot of casualties as a result of many “THE HISTORY OF UZBEK ARCHITECTURE AND ITS PLACE TODAY” P age 137 | 4 battles, including wars between the Bukhara architectural monuments is Pahlavon and Kokand khanates, and its architecture was Mahmud's mausoleum. It is a complex of blue- not very developed. domed palaces, mausole