COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE SKILLS AND THEIR USAGE IN LINGUISTIC LESSONS

Аннотация

This article deals with communicative language skills. Communicative language teaching (CLT), or the communicative approach, is an approach to language teaching that emphasizes interaction as both the means and the ultimate goal of study. KEYWORDS: Language, skill, approach, practice, emphasize. INTRODUCTION learning experience, in addition to the learning of the target language.[1] Learners in environments using CLT techniques learn and practice the target According to CLT, the goal of language language by interactions with one another and education is the ability to communicate in the the instructor, the study of "authentic texts" target language.[2] This is in contrast to (those written in the target language for previous views in which grammatical purposes other than language learning), and competence was commonly given top priority. the use of the language both in class and CLT also focuses on the teacher being a outside of class. facilitator, rather than an instructor. Learners converse about personal experiences Furthermore, the approach is a non- with partners, and instructors teach topics methodical system that does not use a outside of the realm of traditional grammar to textbook series to teach the target language promote language skills in all types of but works on developing sound oral and verbal situations. That method also claims to skills prior to reading and writing. encourage learners to incorporate their The communicative approach is based on the personal experiences into their language idea that learning language successfully comes learning environment and to focus on the through having to communicate real meaning. “COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE SKILLS AND THEIR USAGE IN LINGUISTIC LESSONS” P age 51 | 5 When learners are involved in real and an increased number of people who communication, their natural strategies for needed to learn a foreign language for work or language acquisition will be used, and this will personal reasons. Meanwhile, more children allow them to learn to use the language. were given the opportunity to learn foreign languages in school, as the number of Example secondary schools offering languages rose Practising question forms by asking learners to worldwide as part of a general trend of find out personal information about their curriculum-broadening and modernization, colleagues is an example of the with foreign-language study no longer communicative approach, as it involves confined to the elite academies. In Britain, the meaningful communication. introduction of comprehensive schools, which offered foreign-language study to all children, In the classroom Classroom activities guided rather than to the select few of the elite by the communicative approach are grammar schools, greatly increased the characterised by trying to produce meaningful demand for language learning.[5] and real communication, at all levels. As a result there may be more emphasis on skills The increased demand included many learners than systems, lessons are more learner- who struggled with traditional methods such centred, and there may be use of authentic as grammar translation, which involves the materials. Language teaching was originally direct translation of sentence after sentence considered a cognitive matter that mainly as a way to learn language. Those methods involved memorization. It was later thought assumed that students aimed to master the instead to be socio-cognitive: language can be target language and were willing to study for learned through the process of social years before expecting to use the language in interaction. Today, however, the dominant real life. However, those assumptions were technique in teaching any language is challenged by adult learners, who were busy communicative language teaching (CLT).[4] with work, and by schoolchildren who were less academically gifted and so could not It was Noam Chomsky's theories in the 1960s, devote years to learning before they could use focusing on competence and performance in the language. Educators realized that to language learning, that gave rise to motivate those students an approach with a communicative language teaching, but the more immediate reward was necessary,[5] conceptual basis for CLT was laid in the 1970s and they began to use CLT, an approach that by the linguists Michael Halliday, who studied emphasizes communicative ability and yielded how language functions are expressed better results. through grammar, and Dell Hymes, who introduced the idea of a wider communicative Additionally, the trend of progressivism in competence instead of Chomsky's narrower education provided further pressure for linguistic competence.[4] The rise of CLT in the educators to change their methods. 1970s and the early 1980s was partly in Progressivism holds that active learning is response to the lack of success with traditional more effective than passive learning.[5] As language teaching methods and partly by the that idea gained trac