The Main Types of Polysemous Words and The Content of Working on Polysemous Words in Primary School Textbooks Sodiqova Gulbahor G‘ofurjon qizi

Аннотация

In the process of language learning, especially in primary education, understanding and effectively using polysemous words plays a crucial role in enhancing students' linguistic and cognitive abilities. This article discusses the main types of polysemous words and highlights the content and methodology of working on these words in primary school textbooks. Methodological approaches, linguistic features, and sample exercises are provided to support teachers in developing students' comprehension of polysemous words. Keywords: Polysemy, context, mother tongue textbook, semantic relation, lexical-semantic category. comprehend polysemous words, distinguish their Introduction: In studying the semantic scope of a word, contextual meanings, and use them appropriately in the phenomenon of polysemy is recognized as one of communicative situations. the essential theoretical and scientific foundations. Special attention is given to contextual analysis of Polysemy refers to the characteristic of a single word polysemous words during lessons, using tasks enriched form having several interrelated meanings. It manifests with illustrated examples, expressive interpretations, in two main forms: and visual tools to develop students’ semantic thinking. • Lexical polysemy – the use of a word in primary and In the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th-grade “Mother Tongue” derived meanings; textbooks, tasks related to polysemous words help • Stylistic polysemy – when a word gains emotional or students develop skills in differentiating between figurative meaning in different speech styles. primary and derived meanings, understanding the In both cases, the meaning of a word is understood function of a word in a text, and recognizing semantic through its semantic load and contextual relationships. relationships. In the Resolution No. PQ–4884 of the President of the For example, by analyzing the various meanings of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated November 6, 2020, word “foot” in contexts such as “a part of the body,” important tasks were defined to improve the general “table legs,” or “foot of the mountain,” students secondary education system based on modern develop competence in distinguishing semantic demands. These include effectively using interactive differences. methods in mother tongue education and fostering Such exercises promote analytical thinking, lexical students’ analytical thinking by teaching them to sensitivity, and speech precision. These methodological analyze word meanings within context. approaches play an important role in enhancing Furthermore, the resolution highlights the necessity of students' overall speech activity and functional literacy. developing methodological materials that stimulate Every native speaker must adequately understand the speech activity and incorporating them into the semantic layers of polysemous words in their language. educational process. To accurately express thoughts and emotions and The ideas presented in this official document serve consciously choose polysemous units according to today as a crucial methodological foundation for context, one must grasp their semantic features. studies aimed at helping primary school students Using polysemous words correctly and actively in International Journal of Pedagogics 41 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijp International Journal of Pedagogics (ISSN: 2771-2281) primary students’ speech reduces unnecessary depth analysis. repetition of the same lexical units, thereby increasing The phenomenon of polysemy in language not only clarity and expressiveness of speech. reflects the richness of the lexical layer but also Hence, in teaching the mother tongue to younger prevents ambiguity and repetition in speech. learners, the place and semantic potential of Based on V.G. Vilyuman's critical analysis of L.M. polysemous words deserve particular attention. Vasilev’s classification of polysemous words, it Up to now, numerous theoretical studies have been becomes evident that even today, there is no unified conducted in linguistics concerning the phenomenon of approach to strictly classifying polysemous words polysemy. Analyzing these studies provides a clear based on clear criteria. The scholar notes that the understanding of the types, classifications, and existing classification criteria lack precision [83, p. 66]. different definitions and approaches offered by various From these observations, we can conclude that within scholars. modern linguistics and semantic research, no In Uzbek linguistics, polysemous words have mostly consensus has yet been reached regarding the been studied based on traditional approaches and classification of polysemous words. Nonetheless, it is system-structural principles. However, in recent years, worth highlighting that the approaches of different some studies have also focused on analyzing how these researchers are being analyzed in harmony, based on words are reflected in dictionaries [48, p. 30]. grouped methodologies. Different