The Study of English-Speaking Methodology by Harold Edward Palmer and Other British Scholars Shoazizova Aziza Shomurod qizi

Аннотация

This article describes the Harold Edward Palmer’s work on the process of teaching students to speak in a English language. Keywords: English language, Harold E. Palmer, Oral Method, Vocabulary Control, Applied Linguistics, Language Teaching, Phonetics, IRET (Institute for Research in English Teaching), Pattern Practice, Communicative Approach, Foreign Language Pedagogy. Actions (1925), which remain relevant in the field of Introduction: The methodology of teaching spoken English language teaching today. Palmer also spent English has been extensively studied by Harold Edward several years in Japan (1922–1936), where he worked Palmer and other prominent British linguists. Palmer closely with the Ministry of Education to develop holds a significant place in the field of spoken language national English language teaching programs. His instruction and is considered one of the pioneers of the contributions during this period significantly shaped communicative approach in language teaching. When English language education in Japan and further viewed from a modern perspective, the contributions demonstrated the effectiveness of his methodologies of these scholars to English language education remain on a global scale. substantial and influential. As evidence of this, it is essential to highlight the work and effective teaching In a short period, Harold Edward Palmer became a methods developed by the renowned British linguist prominent figure in the field of English language Harold Edward Palmer. Born on March 6, 1877, and teaching. In 1922, he was invited by the Prime Minister passing on November 16, 1949, Palmer was a specialist of Japan to help implement English language education in phonetics and a pioneer in the field of teaching in Japanese schools and moved to Japan. There, he was English as a second language. His extensive work made appointed as a “Linguistic Adviser” to the Japanese a lasting impact on the development of applied Ministry of Education, and from that point onward, he linguistics in the 20th century. Palmer received his conducted numerous scientific and educational education in France during 1892–1893. research projects. After completing his studies, he moved to Belgium in In 1923, he founded the Institute for Research in 1902, where he began teaching English at the Berlitz English Teaching (IRET), which is now known as the School. In 1903, he established his own language Institute for Research in Language Teaching (IRLT), and school. His accumulated experience and success in served as its first director. While working at the language instruction led him to begin teaching at institute, Palmer provided several practical University College London in 1915.Throughout his contributions, including the establishment of the career, Palmer developed innovative teaching methods institute’s official “Bulletin.” Through his numerous focused on oral proficiency and active communication. influential scientific works, collections of articles, and His approach emphasized the importance of repetition, practical research in English language teaching memorization, and contextual use of language. Among methodology, Palmer achieved remarkable success. In his most influential works are The Scientific Study and recognition of his contributions, in 1935 he was Teaching of Languages (1917) and English Through awarded the D.Litt (Doctor of Literature) by the Tokyo International Journal of Pedagogics 93 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijp International Journal of Pedagogics (ISSN: 2771-2281) Imperial University. This honorary degree is typically and Sons, A Dictionary of English Pronunciation with conferred upon individuals who have made a American Variants, in Phonetic Transcription (1929, significant contribution to the field of literature, 2nd Edition), co-authored with J. V. Martin and others, without necessarily following a specific curriculum. In Cambridge. 1936, Palmer returned to England and continued his One of Palmer's key innovations was the "Aural-Oral professional work as an adviser for Longmans, Green & Method," which later became fundamental to modern Co., a British publishing company founded in 1724 by language learning methodologies. Popular in the first Thomas Longman (1699–1755). In 1937, he half of the 20th century, this method focused on collaborated with A.S. Hornby, the creator of the first developing auditory (aural) and speaking (oral) skills. Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, to publish the Palmer believed that learners should primarily acquire “Thousand-Word English” book. the language through listening and speaking, just as During World War II, Palmer remained in England and children learn their native language. This method contributed to the war effort by publishing three emphasized oral and auditory experience as the main booklets on the French language to assist soldiers foundation of language acquisition, making it one of preparing for the Normandy invasion. In 1917, Palmer, the corners