Observations On Case Forms In Some Turkic Languages Matluba Maxmudova

Аннотация

Each language possesses its unique characteristics, both grammatically and lexically. It is well known that in the 20th century, the theory of Uzbek grammar was developed based on the Russian language grammar model. This influence is clearly reflected in the number and functional-semantic features of case forms, although these two languages belong to different language families. This article discusses the specific features of the case category in Turkic languages. Keywords: Case, category, paradigm, word form, nominative, instrumental case. permanent, or primary form, but is added when Introduction: The category of case is a grammatical required by context or syntactic function. These include system of forms that, after the number category (and if adjectives, adjective-pronouns, participles, and others. present, after the possessive form, but before Case forms are attached to nominal parts of speech. conjugational markers), is added to a word to express syntactic relations. Case forms also embody Based on the above, the words that take case forms can morphological features, which will be discussed in be divided into the following groups: more detail in our future articles. 1. Nouns The process by which the case forms of a word are 2. Noun-like words (closely resembling nouns) altered is called inflection, and the case form itself is 3. Nominalized words (forms of other classes referred to as inflective. The inflective belongs to the functioning as nouns) derivational type of grammatical morphemes. The case marker completes the word, converting a base into a This tripartite classification is necessary not only for full-fledged word. In this respect, the case marker is analyzing case forms but also for examining number generally the final element in the morphemic structure and possessive categories. of a word (with the exception of words functioning as Case does not form all syntactic units (sentence predicates or those preceded by postpositions). elements) in speech. For instance, it does not The case, first and foremost, is not a word class participate in the formation of attributes. However, indicator, but a grammatical form that determines many sentence components and even certain sentence syntactic roles. From this perspective, the case is types are formed with case. For example, syntactic considered an inter-class category. However, the case units such as the subject, possessive modifier, category is not uniformly applicable to all word classes. apposition, and nominative sentence all involve case For instance, it is naturally inherent to nouns, and is one forms. Even predicate and adverbial modifiers may of the essential forms for the appearance of noun partially be expressed using case forms. Hence, the lexemes in speech. Besides nouns, other parts of case category plays a vital role in the formation of speech can also take case forms, including pronouns, syntactic structures. verbal nouns, and certain forms of collective numerals. Modern Standard Uzbek employs a six-case system: These can be considered noun-like forms of other word 1. Nominative case classes. 2. Genitive case The third group consists of nominalized forms of other 3. Accusative case parts of speech. For this group, case is not an essential, American Journal Of Philological Sciences 354 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN – 2771-2273) 4. Ablative case “the theory of case meanings,” “the problem of classifying cases,” “general theory of cases,” “case 5. Dative case field,” and “case and vocative,” among others. The 6. Locative/Temporal case abundance of such studies and the repeated Case Paradigm investigation of the case category indicates that it is a Linguistic units exist in paradigmatic, syntagmatic, and central and multifaceted phenomenon in linguistic hierarchical relations. They operate within a theory. grammatical-semantic system in which two or more In the last quarter of the 20th century, significant units mutually presuppose or exclude one another. research into the semantics of case in Russian SCIENTIFIC-THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS ON CASE linguistics was conducted by scholars such as Shvedova, FORMS IN SOME TURKIC LANGUAGES Zolotova, Arutyunova, Popova, Beloshapkova, Gak, Khodova, Cheshko, and Revzin. In global linguistics, We can classify the object of our linguistic study within representatives of structural linguistics such as Ch. the language system as follows: Fillmore, A. Wierzbicka, E. Babbie, and S. Adamson 1. Grammatical-semantic system explored the case system from "functional-semantic," 2. Grammatical-semantic field "system-structural," and "typological-logical" perspectives. 3. Grammatical category What do "invariant" and "variant" mean? Is an invariant 4. Grammatical paradigm always necessary, or can a form exist without one? Is 5. Grammatical form the concept of a variant the same across all language 6. Grammatical meaning levels? To what extent can element