Translation Issues Of Craftsmanship Realia In English And Uzbek Nuraliyev Ilyos

Аннотация

The article explores the linguistic and cultural difficulties that arise when translating craftsmanship realia between English and Uzbek. Craftsmanship realia—names of traditional tools, materials, techniques, workplace practices and stylistic conventions—constitute a densely allusive lexical stratum that encodes the technological history and value systems of artisanal communities. Accurate transfer is complicated by the absence of direct equivalents, the coexistence of multiple in-culture synonyms, and strong connotative overtones. The study integrates a 512 436-word parallel corpus of museum catalogues, UNESCO nomination files, export documents, tourist brochures and academic monographs with semi-structured interviews of fifteen professional translators. A five-value taxonomy—borrowing, phonological adaption, descriptive translation, functional substitution and omission—guides the coding of 1 116 realia pairs. Quantitative analysis shows that descriptive translation dominates, accounting for 56 percent of Uzbek-to-English and 44 percent of English-to-Uzbek renderings, expanding text length by an average of 43 percent and increasing terminological drift. Borrowing appears mainly with high-visibility artefacts (“ikat”, “suzani”, “pichoq”), whereas functional substitution prevails in promotional genres targeting non-specialists. Interview data confirm that house-style guidelines, audience expectations and fear of misinterpretation drive domestication. The article proposes a salience-based hybrid model that calibrates borrowing, description and supplementation according to ethnographic prominence and communicative function. Recommendations include a bilingual terminological database, integrated visual glossing for museums and a training module on craft heritage for translators. Keywords: Craftsmanship realia; translation equivalence; English–Uzbek bilingual corpus; ethnolinguistics; cultural terminology; intangible heritage; descriptive strategy; terminological database. resonance. Introduction: Traditional craftsmanship is a living repository of cultural memory. Techniques for Despite a burgeoning literature on realia translation in throwing Rishtan pottery on a slow electric wheel, Slavic and Romance contexts, scholarship devoted to dyeing Margilan silk yarns with indigo and walnut-husk Turkic languages remains fragmentary. Previous Uzbek- solutions, or engraving floral arabesques on a copper language studies have generally produced isolated teapot transmit tacit knowledge that binds artisans to glossaries rather than systematic analyses grounded in place, lineage and collective identity. Language acts as translation theory, while most English-language the primary vehicle of that knowledge, not only by contributions stop at anecdotal observations about naming objects but by embedding processual “untranslatable items.” The present study addresses sequences and evaluative meanings that distinguish a two interrelated questions: which translation master’s signature from an apprentice’s imitation. strategies currently dominate in bilingual When such culture-bound lexemes travel beyond their craftsmanship discourse and what sociolinguistic natal speech community, translators face the double factors condition those choices. imperative of semantic precision and affective Craftsmanship realia are defined here, following American Journal Of Philological Sciences 327 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN – 2771-2273) Florin’s classic formulation, as lexical units designating where translators supply a brief explication objects, phenomena and social relations unique to a immediately after a loan. Inter-annotator reliability particular ethnoculture. Within that broad field the reached κ = 0.81; residual disagreements were article focuses on tool names, fabric-structure terms, adjudicated in plenary sessions. surface-treatment techniques and artisan rank titles. Statistical analysis proceeded in R 4.3 with the Four emblematic Uzbek crafts—ceramics, silk weaving, tidyverse and lme4 packages. Logistic mixed-effects woodcarving and metal chasing—provide the empirical models predicted strategy choice from fixed effects of arena because of their strong terminological traditions source language, document genre, and morphological and growing English-language presence. complexity (syllable count and affix density), with The growing international appetite for ethically random intercepts for translator and term. Goodness- sourced craft products further raises the stakes of of-fit was assessed via conditional R² and likelihood- precise terminology. Labels used at trade fairs in ratio tests. To probe semantic shift, a controlled back- Frankfurt or New York must guide buyers keen on translation experiment was conducted: eight bilingual authenticity narratives yet unfamiliar with local idioms; craft specialists unfamiliar with the original texts re- misrendering beshketmon as “cotton