The role of Mirzo Ulugbek’s scientific heritage in science

Аннотация

Калит сўзлар: Мақолада Мирзо Улуғбекнинг ҳаёти ва илмий мероси Обсерватория, таҳлил қилинади. У ўз даврининг буюк давлат арбоби, дунё меридиан, фанини ривожлантиришга улкан ҳисса қўшган, адолатли ой, ва билимдон устоз сифатида танилган. Шарқнинг энг улуғ қуёш, астролябия, астрономи сифатида танилган Мирзо Улуғбекнинг илмий “Zizhi Coragona”, асарлари астрономия таълими учун бебаҳо манбадир. “Зиж”, Ўқитувчилар, талабалар ва астрономияга қизиқувчилар геоцентрик, унинг фанга қўшган ҳиссаларини ўрганишдан катта фойда гелиоцентрик, кўришлари мумкин. эклиптика, Эдвин Ҳаббл. 1 Associate Professor, Department of Physics, Mathematics and Technological Pedagogical Sciences, Urgench State University. Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Issue – 5 № 5 (2024) / ISSN 2181-1415 Роль научного наследия Мирзо Улугбека в науке и новой духовности Узбекистана АННОТАЦИЯ Ключевые слова: В статье рассматриваются жизнь и наследие Мирзо Обсерватория, Улугбека – великого государственного деятеля, внесшего меридиан, значительный вклад в мировую науку, верховного луна, правителя своего времени и справедливого и мудрого солнце, астролябия, учителя. Признанный величайшим астрономом Востока, “Zizhi Coragona”, научные труды Мирзо Улугбека являются ценными “Зиж”, источниками для преподавания астрономии. геоцентрический, Преподаватели, студенты и все, кто интересуется этой гелиоцентрический, наукой, могут извлечь большую пользу из изучения его эклиптика, Эдвин Хаббл. вклада в науку. On December 22, 2023, during an expanded meeting of the Republican Spiritual and Educational Center, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev emphasized that "Spirituality should become a new force, a new movement in our lives." Additionally, the 73rd goal of the New Uzbekistan Development Strategy for 2022–2026 highlights the "In-depth study and wide promotion of the rich scientific heritage of our great ancestors." [1]. Mirzo Ulugbek, one of the great representatives of the II-Renaissance period, a great statesman of his time, and the greatest astronomer of the East who raised the spirituality, culture, and enlightenment of his country and people to the highest heights. Mirza Ulugbek, the youngest son of Amir Temur, Shokhrukh Mirzoni, was the eldest son and grandson of Amir Temur. Mirza Ulugbek was born on March 22, 1394, in the city of Sultania, Iran, during the military campaign of his grandfather Amir Temur. His real name was Mirza Muhammad ibn Shokhrukh ibn Temur Ulugbek Koragoni. In his youth, he was called Ulugbek and became Mirzo Ulugbek. In 1411, at the age of 17, Mirza Ulugbek was appointed governor of Movarunnahr and Turkestan. His father, Shah Rukh, was considered the only ruler of Iran and Turan. Mirzo Ulugbek was brought up by his grandmother Saroymalik during his childhood years. This lady taught her grandson to read and write and told stories on historical topics. Later, Shohmalik took care of him, gave him military and political training. Ulugbek was intelligent and interested in science. According to his students, he knew the Arabic language perfectly and memorized most of the Holy Qur'an. He had deep theoretical and practical knowledge of many natural sciences, mathematics, geometry, trigonometry, and astronomy. At the age of 10, the astrologer Maulana Ahmed, famous since the time of Amir Timur, is believed to have taught astronomy. Later, Ulugbek himself called Qazizada Rumi his teacher. Ulugbek became a mature scientist in his 20s [4, 5]. Due to his interest in science and the development of the country, Ulugbek decided to build a new educational institution and madrasa. In 1417–1433, he built 3 madrasahs in Samarkand, Bukhara and Gijduvan. These madrasahs served as universities in their time. Bukhara madrasa was the second most prestigious madrasa in Movarounnahr. Ulugbek's hadith was written on its facade: "The pursuit of knowledge is a duty for every Muslim and Muslim woman." This is what he himself shows that Ulugbek strives for spirituality and enlightenment for the future of his country. 1420 Madrasah is opened in Samarkand. Shamsiddin Muhammad is appointed as the headmaster of this madrasa. 86 Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Issue – 5 № 5 (2024) / ISSN 2181-1415 The main lectures in the madrasa are held in Qaziza, Ulugbek, alongside scholars such as Koshiy and later Ali Kushchilar, conducted extensive studies. Scholars from various cities across Movarunnahr were gathered in Samarkand, and by 1417, their number exceeded 100, forming the Ulugbek School in Samarkand [5,4]. Many notable figures emerged from this school, where subjects like mathematics, trigonometry, geography, and particularly astronomy were deeply studied. Between 1424 and 1429, Ulugbek constructed an observatory on Kohak hill, near the Obi Rahmat stream, to support the scientific work being conducted at the madrasa. The collaboration between this observatory and the madrasa elevated the study of astronomy and