Современное состояние проблемы диагностики узлов щитовидной железы (обзор литературы)

Аннотация

the question of modern possibilities of complex diagnostics of thyroid nodules is considered. Despite the large number of studies conducted, it is not always possible to correctly establish an accurate morphological diagnosis of thyroid nodules, which indicates the need to improve existing and search for new, more informative diagnostic methods. In this regard, reports on the use of measurements of tissue pressure in the thyroid gland for the differential diagnosis of various pathologies of this organ are very promising. Key words: thyroid gland, morphological form, nodular formation, thyroid cancer. ЗАЙНИЕВ Алишер Фаридунович КУРБАНИЯЗОВ Зафар Бабажанович РАХМАНОВ Косим Эрданович АБДУРАХМАНОВ Диёр Шукуриллаевич Самаркандский Государственный медицинский институт, Узбекистан. СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ДИАГНОСТИКИ УЗЛОВ ЩИТОВИДНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ) РЕЗЮМЕ рассматривается вопрос о современных возможностях комплексной диагностики узловых образований щитовидной железы. Несмотря на большое количество проведенных исследований, не всегда удается правильно установить точный морфологический диагноз узлов щитовидной железы, что свидетельствует о необходимости совершенствования существующих и поиска новых, более информативных методов диагностики. В этом отношении весьма перспективными представляются сообщения об использовании измерений 137 БИОМЕДИЦИНА ВА АМАЛИЁТ ЖУРНАЛИ | ЖУРНАЛ БИОМЕДИЦИНЫ И ПРАКТИКИ | JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICINE AND PRACTICE №4 | 2021 тканевого давления в щитовидной железе для дифференциальной диагностики различных патологий этого органа. Ключевые слова: щитовидная железа, морфологическая форма, узловое образование, рак щитовидной железы. ЗАЙНИЕВ Алишер Фаридунович КУРБАНИЯЗОВ Зафар Бабажанович РАХМАНОВ Қосим Эрданович АБДУРАХМАНОВ Диёр Шукуриллаевич Самарқанд Давлат тиббиёт институти, Ўзбекистон. ҚАЛҚОНСИМОН БЕЗ ТУГУНЧАЛАРИДА ДИАГНОСТИК МУАММОСИНИНГ ҲОЗИРГИ ҲОЛАТИ (АДАБИЁТЛАР ШАРҲИ) РЕЗЮМЕ қалқонсимон без тугунчаларининг мураккаб диагностикасининг замонавий имкониятлари масаласи кўриб чиқилади. Ўтказилган кўплаб тадқиқотларга қарамасдан, қалқонсимон без тугунларининг аниқ морфологик ташхисини тўғри белгилаш ҳар доим ҳам мумкин емас, бу мавжуд бўлган ва янги, кўпроқ информацион диагностика усулларини қидириш зарурлигини кўрсатади. Шу муносабат билан, ушбу органнинг турли патологияларини дифференциаль ташхислаш учун қалқонсимон бездаги тўқима босимини ўлчашлардан фойдаланиш бўйича ҳисоботлар жуда истиқболли. Калит сўзлар: қалқонсимон без, морфологик шакл, тугун ҳосил бўлиши, қалқонсимон без саратони. At present, there is a trend towards an increase in the number of thyroid nodular formations (TNF) [10]. The frequency of detectable nodes in the thyroid gland (thyroid gland) depends on the method of investigation. At palpation of the thyroid gland, nodal formations are found in 4-6% of the population in areas with a sufficient content of iodine in water and food, in the zones of goiter endemia their prevalence is somewhat higher. With ultrasound thyroid, the frequency of detection of previously unidentified knots in adults is 13-40%. At autopsy of persons, who died from non-thyroid diseases, nodes in the thyroid gland find more than half of people [3]. The prevalence of thyroid cancer among the nodular formations, thyroid gland, according to different authors, is from 2.4 to 31.4%. According to V.V. Dvoyrina (2001), the growth rate of thyroid cancer over the past decade was 131-133%, which is significantly higher than other cancer. According to the American Cancer Society, about 17,000 new cases and about 1,300 deaths associated with thyroid cancer are reported annually in the United States. In this regard, the problem of differential diagnosis of thyroid cancer becomes especially urgent [5]. The problem of early diagnosis and timely adequate treatment of pathological formations of the thyroid gland, which today are found in 4-10% of the population, is still relevant. The incidence of nodal euthyroid diseases ranges from 10 to 62%. Under the term "nodular diseases", the nodal colloid goiter (NTG), adenomas, " pseudo nodes " for chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (CAIT), various morphological variants of the thyroid gland, as well as their combinations. The fact that the prevalence of focal lesions of the thyroid gland is extremely high in many countries of the world, according to numerous studies. So in France, for 1,000 people, an average of 35% of thyroid nodules, in the USA for 100 people, 21% (4-7% of the total population), in Japan for 450 people - 19%. In Uzbekistan there are an average of 10% of focal pathology per 2 thousand population [3]. A number of authors noted that the number of focal thyroid lesions increases with age [11]. The main cause of nodal colloid goiter is iodine deficiency of various origins. When insufficient intake of iodine to maintain a euthyroid state is amplified products iodinated less, but biologically more active T3, whereas the content of T4 decreases. By the feedb