РАЗВИТИЕ И ВОСПИТАНИЕ ДЕТЕЙ ДОШКОЛЬНОГО ВОЗРАСТА

Аннотация

This article discusses the development of the child's personality, the factors influencing the development of the child, the importance of activities (play, exercise, work) in the development of the child, as well as the age stages of the child's mental development and about their peculiarities. Keywords: Individual Personality, Developmental Environment, Activity, Biogenetics, Age Stages, Early Childhood, Early Childhood to Preschool. РАЗВИТИЕ И ВОСПИТАНИЕ ДЕТЕЙ ДОШКОЛЬНОГО ВОЗРАСТА Аннотация. В этой статье рассматривается развитие личности ребенка, факторы, влияющие на развитие ребенка, важность видов деятельности (игры, физические упражнения, работа) в развитии ребенка, а также возрастные этапы психического развития ребенка и их особенности. Ключевые слова: Индивидуальная личность, Развивающая среда, Деятельность, Биогенетика, Возрастные этапы, Раннее детство, Переход от раннего детства к дошкольному. A newborn baby is considered an individual for a certain period of time. Derived from the individual Latin word, it means "indivisible", "separate shahe", "single". An individual is a separate living being belonging to a biological species. Movement is unique in the development of the child. The first-year child also forms a variety of movements, which are then conditioned reflexes, not consciously but occurs in response to unconditional and conditioned stimuli.The formation of speech in an early age child and the fact that the actions organized by the child begin to occur consciously and his participation in the process of social relations is the first stage of development of the child as a person. Hence, development is a physical, mental, and social process in a person that involves all the properly acquired quantitative and qualitative changes. Physical development is associated with height and weight, increased muscle strength, perfection of sensory organs, ability to control movements correctly, and the like. In mental development, on the other hand, there are significant changes in the process of formation of mental qualities and traits in the personality, emotional (volitional), being.When a child begins to participate in social life, it is reflected in his behavior, his attitude towards the environment, and especially his participation in community work.Biological and social factors play a leading role in the development of the child, that is, in the formation of personality, in the occurrence of such physical and mental changes in the child. "Person" means a member of a particular society. In order to be a shahe, one must be distinguished from others by his character and qualities that are spiritually developed. Everyone manifests differently as a shahe. He differs from others in his character, interests, abilities, level of mental development, needs, and personal attitude toward work activities. These are the characteristics of a person, and only when these qualities develop to a certain stage, he 6 06 International scientific journal ISSN: 2181-3906 «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» 2023 VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ will appear as a mature person.Hence, the social being of man is important to him in the conditions of socio-economic life (environment). The improvement of the environment and upbringing ensures that a person develops and manifests himself as a person.The formation of the child shaheen is associated with a number of factors, which are reflected in the following figure. Research in the sciences of physiology and psychology has shown that the human child is born not with a ready ability, but with a capacity that is the source for the realization and development of a certain ability. The ability is in a state of "sleep" and requires a favorable environment and environment for its awakening and development. Man is a product of a particular social order. With this system change, the living environment in which the activity of change also takes placein a person can have a positive or negative effect on him. An environment is a set of external worlds that affect the formation of a child's personality. The formation of the individual is carried out through the assimilation and upbringing of the socio-historical experience created by human society. As a result of education, the child begins to interact or interactwith the social system in the society in which he lives.Upbringing varies depending on the child's "pre- developmental zone", ie it is determined by the child's ability to acquire more complex, meaningful knowledge. For example, the transition to walking after the baby has mastered crawling, the transition to active speech after learning to say certain joints, the emergence of play, labor activity, etc. after learning to move with objects.Education plays a leading role in the formation of the child's personality, in the implementation of this work. This increases their responsibility in the formation of each child’s personality. Education is affected in relation to all