Переводческие концепты в контексте современных лингвистических исследований

Аннотация

This article discusses theconcepts of translation in modernнlinguistic research. At the moment, the translation process and mechanisms have not been fully investigated or disclosed. They represent a kind of" black box " for most scientists, decoding the records of which could help modern linguistics in the study and understanding of the mechanisms of speech and language formation, which in turn can lead to new horizons in modern research. Methodologists and psychologists consider the problem of translation skills and their formation among the most important skills for the theory and practice of translation. Keywords: written speech, speech activity, translation process, translation, skill, translation process, text, oral speech, language, translation language. Language is a universal system for presenting and storing knowledge in written and oral forms. Language is a means of communication. Speech is the process of communicating through language. Thanks to speech communication, the ability for speech activity is formed. r Speech activity is a set of psychophysiological actions of a person aimed at the perception and e b t understanding of speech or its reproduction in written ororal form. Shcherba L. V. identified s m u three aspects of language phenomena and their correlation: language, speech activity and g e u v o speech. These three concepts are interrelated, and this indicates the unity of language and A N speech. In general, speech can be divided into oral and written. Oral speech arises , 8 1 , e 1 spontaneously in the process of natural communication and is realized through sound means. u s e Written speech is a fixation of oral speech and is expressed by a system of graphic symbols. s u I s Written language is not learned spontaneously, and a person needs to be purposefully trained , 2 s I in this system. According to Vygotsky L. S., written speech is a language in representation. In e , 2 m e order to master it, you need to recognize elements in a graphical form. Written speech does u m l o u not represent the translation of oral speech into written characters, and oral speech is not the V l o assimilation of a writing system. Written speech requires abstraction for its development. | V R Thus, oral and written speech can be represented as two levels within the linguistic and C T S psychological structure of speech activity. The subject of speech activity is a thought, and the S M A means of its expression is the languagea system with phonetic, lexical features.and B B I I grammatical means. To carry out speech activity, it is necessary to master individual speech actions. In other words, actions are units of speech activity. Speech skills are formed in the process of performing speech actions, and speech skills are formed in the process of performing a certain type of speech activity. Skills, abilities, and knowledge are formed simultaneously when performing actions. The ability of a person to practically use the lEanCgHuaNgeO syLsOteGmY (p honetics, vocabulary, grammar, reading and writing techniques) is called language competence, and the ability to use the language appropriately and appropriately in certain situationsis called speech competence. Speech skills must be brought "to an 161 INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF APPLIED SCIENCE IBAST AND TECHNOLOGY UIF = 8.2 | SJIF = 5.955 ISSN: 2750-3402 optimallevel of perfection". In order to reach the level of skills, speech action must acquire such qualities as автоматизированностьautomaticity, stability, flexibility, lack of focus of consciousness on the form of execution, lackof stress and rapid fatigue. That is, in the process of speech activity, the following skills are formed: speaking, reading, writing, and the ability to perceive by ear. The ability to translate is a complex derivative of the above-mentioned skills. Nikolaeva S. Y. divides skills into the following types of skills: Productive skills-speaking and writing-are based on reproductive skills: - grammatical skills (i.e., skills in choosing the morphological and syntactic design of an oral or written speech unit). - lexical (skills of choosing, communicating and implementing a lexical unit in oral and written speech); pronounced speaking skills (i.e., skills of articulation and intonation); - graphic and spelling skills of writing (skills of graphic representation of speech and spelling according to the rules of spelling). Receptive skills-listening and reading-are based on the following receptive skills: - grammatical (skills of recognizing grammatical and predicting syntactic structures of oral or written speech), - lexical skills (i.e., the ability to recognize sound or graphic images of lexical units and understand them directly). - auditory (skills of perception and recognition of sounds, sound combinations, intonation in oral speech), - perceptual (i.e. skills of perception and recognition of letters, letter combinations, r e punctuation marksin written speech). t b s m u Methodologis