bag’ishlangan” yosh olimlar kuni

Аннотация

Mandibular fractures are among the most common facial injuries, often resulting from trauma due to falls, traffic accidents, or interpersonal violence. Proper fixation is essential to restore function, aesthetics, and occlusion. However, various intraoperative and postoperative errors can lead to complications such as malocclusion, infection, nonunion, and facial asymmetry. This study aims to identify common errors in mandibular fracture fixation and outline strategies for their prevention. Introduction: Mandibular fractures account for a significant portion of maxillofacial trauma cases due to the prominence and mobility of the mandible. Treatment usually involves open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) using plates and screws. While ORIF is a standardized procedure, errors during preoperative planning, surgical technique, or postoperative care can result in functional and aesthetic complications. Common errors include incorrect fracture reduction, improper plate adaptation, nerve injury, malpositioning of screws, and infection due to contamination. Preventing these errors requires careful clinical and radiological assessment, precise surgical execution, and standardized postoperative management. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 30 patients (aged 18–45) with mandibular fractures treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery over 12 months. Inclusion criteria: 51 - Unilateral or bilateral mandibular fractures (symphysis, parasymphysis, angle, body, or ramus) - No pathological fractures - No previous mandibular surgery Exclusion criteria: - Comminuted or infected fractures at presentation - Patients with systemic conditions affecting bone healing Surgical Procedure: All patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation under general anesthesia using titanium miniplates and screws. Standard protocols of intraoral or extraoral access, reduction, and fixation were followed. Data Collection Parameters: - Fracture site and type - Intraoperative difficulties - Occlusal outcome - Radiographic alignment post-surgery - Postoperative complications (infection, nerve injury, malocclusion) - Surgeon experience level Preventive Protocols Used: - Preoperative CBCT for 3D visualization - Mock surgery planning on 3D printed models (in complex cases) - Use of intermaxillary fixation (IMF) for occlusal guidance - Sterile field maintenance and postoperative antibiotics - Senior supervision for less experienced surgeon Results and Discussion: Out of 30 cases: -5 patients (16.6%) had postoperative malocclusion due to premature fixation without IMF. -2 patients (6.6%) experienced wound infections, attributed to poor oral hygiene and delayed antibiotic therapy. -1 case (3.3%) showed mental nerve paresthesia due to screw placement near the mental foramen. -3 patients (10%) required minor plate adjustments due to inadequate adaptation to bone contour. The findings highlight that preoperative planning and occlusion control are critical in minimizing errors. The use of intermaxillary fixation prior to plate placement significantly reduced postoperative malocclusion. 3D imaging helped in identifying fracture patterns and guided proper screw trajectory, especially in angle fractures. Senior supervision decreased error rates in junior surgeons. Conclusion: The prevention of errors in the fixation of mandibular fractures demands a combination of precise diagnosis, sound surgical technique, and structured postoperative care. Preoperative planning with 3D imaging, correct occlusal alignment before fixation, and strict aseptic protocols are key to minimizing complications. Regular training and supervision of surgical teams further enhance patient outcomes and reduce iatrogenic errors. 52 BASICS OF APPLYING WOUND COATINGS THAT CONTAIN CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS Karimova Sitora Yusufovna 2st year graduate student Yuz-jag’ jarrohligi kafedrasi dotsenti,t.f.n Хramova Natalya Vladimirovna Yuz- jag’ jarrohligi kafedrasi dotsenti,t.f.n Fayziyev Baxtiyor Ravshanovich Yuz jagʻ jarrohligi kafedrasi:Dotsent, t.f.n Xalmatova Matluba Artikovna Abstract: Wound coatings, which contain connective tissue cells, are innovative medical tools that are important in the healing and healing process of wounds. They were designed to ensure faster wound healing, protect against infections, and promote regeneration of injured tissue. This article provides information on the main types of wound coatings that contain connective tissue cells, their mechanisms of operation, advantages and areas of application. Key words: connective tissue, wound coatings, biochemistry, coatings, injuries, regeneration, medical services, patient. Wound coatings are primarily designed to protect wounds, maintain their moisture content, and speed up the recovery process of damaged tissue. Connective tissue cells, along with collagen, elastin and other biochemicals, usually play an important role in restoring the structure and function of woun