Москва, 28 февраля — 2 марта 2025 г.

Аннотация

Relevance. The problem of early diagnostics, treatment and prevention of chronic pathology of the gastroduodenal organs in children is one of the priority areas of modern pediatric gastroenterology [2,4,5]. This is due to the annual increase in the number of these patients of childhood and adolescence against the background of the rejuvenation of some clinical forms of pathology [1,3]. Purpose of the study. Analysis of the most common clinical signs of chronic gastroduodenal pathology (CGDP) in children in modern conditions. Patients and methods. 127 children aged 5 to 12 years with CGDP were examined. Simultaneously, along with the collection of anamnestic data, the following were performed: esophagogastroduodenoscopy, pH-metry, standard clinical and laboratory (detailed blood test, urine test, coprology) studies. The study for Helicobacter pylori (HP) carriage was carried out by means of a breath test and an immunochromatographic stool test. Results. The study identified the main clinical manifestations of chronic gastroduodenal dyskinesia in children: dyspeptic syndrome — 98.4% (125/127), signs of vegetative-vascular dysfunction — 90.6% (115/127), periodic abdominal pain syndrome — 89.8% (114/127) against the background of objective signs of anemia — 88.2% (112/127). Among the syndromes of vegetative-vascular dysfunction: decreased appetite — 94.8% (109/115), rapid fatigue — 75.7% (87/115), periodic headaches — 61.7% (71/115). According to parents, 59.1% (68/115) of children had sleep disorders, in connection with which they consulted a neurologist and received symptomatic therapy. When analyzing dyspeptic disorders, the main symptoms were: unstable stool - 93.6% (117/125), due to which 21.6% (27/125) of children were initially diagnosed with "Functional digestive disorder", but after clinical and laboratory studies, CGDP was confirmed. At the same time, children with dyspeptic syndrome noted periodic nausea - 52.8% (66/125), mainly in the first half of the day, belching - 45.6% (57/125), a feeling of heaviness in the epigastric zone depending on food intake - 39.2% (49/125). As studies have shown, the manifestation of clinical signs of CGDP increased with the age of the patient and had a direct correlation with the clinical form of CGDP. In particular, in children, clinical symptoms were more pronounced in chronic gastritis and less pronounced in ulcerative lesions, but this ratio changed with age. At the same time, 68.5% (87/127) of children were diagnosed with HP carriage, which indicates the need for eradication therapy. Conclusion. Dyspeptic disorders (98.4%) against the background of vegetative-vascular dysfunction (90.6%) and clinical manifestation of anemia (88.2%) are more typical for children with CGDP. In this regard, all children with clinical signs of anemia should undergo consultation with a pediatric gastroenterologist to exclude Helicobacter pylori infection.