ДЕТСКАЯ ОНКОЛОГИЯ: ТРУДНОСТИ В ДИАГНОСТИКЕ И ЛЕЧЕНИИ

Аннотация

This problem is not widespread enough to cause horror. However, such cases are being recorded more and more often, which causes concern. The most common reasons for the spread of cancer among children: • excess solar radiation; • passive smoking (early onset addiction to cigarettes); • carcinogens contained in water and air masses. • malnutrition that does not compensate for the deficiency of the child's body in vitamins, microelements, macroelements, amino acids; • eating a lot of food that is not suitable for a child (for any normal person who cares about health, too). The list includes: smoked, fried and salted foods. Because of them, the body loses strength and cannot resist the disease; • poor heredity, but here a lot depends on what age category the child falls into. Keywords: children, oncology, diagnosis, treatment, prevention. ДЕТСКАЯ ОНКОЛОГИЯ: ТРУДНОСТИ В ДИАГНОСТИКЕ И ЛЕЧЕНИИ Аннотация. Эта проблема недостаточно распространена, чтобы вызывать ужас. Однако подобные случаи фиксируются все чаще и чаще, что вызывает беспокойство. Наиболее распространенные причины распространения рака среди детей: • избыточная солнечная радиация; • пассивное курение (раннее начало пристрастия к сигаретам); • канцерогены, содержащиеся в водных и воздушных массах. • неправильное питание, которое не компенсирует дефицит детского организма в витаминах, микроэлементах, макроэлементах, аминокислотах; • употребление большого количества пищи, которая не подходит для ребенка (для любого нормального человека, который тоже заботится о здоровье). В список входят: копченые, жареные и соленые продукты. Из-за них организм теряет силы и не может противостоять болезни; • плохая наследственность, но здесь многое зависит от того, к какой возрастной категории относится ребенок. Ключевые слова: дети, онкология, диагностика, лечение, профилактика. There are several types of tumors: • embryonic: formed in the body when it is still in the embryonic state. They look like healthy cells, so it's hard to spot a problem at this stage. In this case, the child is born sick; • juvenile, arising in adolescence. Reason: degeneration of mature tissues. In most cases, synovial cell carcinoma and osteogenic sarcoma are diagnosed in adolescence; • neoplasms of the adult form are the most rare. But sometimes experts still make a diagnosis: nasopharyngeal carcinoma. 2 29 International scientific journal ISSN: 2181-3906 «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» 2023 VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 5 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ If the problem was detected in time, then there is an excellent chance to save the child's life. It is important that the treatment is carried out quickly and efficiently. This will increase the chance of eliminating cancer and preventing recurrence. Signs, oncology in children The list of symptoms that should make parents wary includes: • abnormally rapid weight loss, usually due to loss of appetite; • unreasonable rise in temperature; • changes in behavior: whims, forgetfulness, fatigue; • increase in the size of lymph nodes; • pallor of the skin; • the appearance of shortness of breath; • localized pain. Diagnosis of pediatric oncology It is much more difficult to detect cancer in a child than in an adult, since it may seem to parents that the baby is healthy, even if the tumor has reached the last stage of its development. Sometimes a problem is discovered quite by accident, for example, during a routine preventive study. For this reason, it is so important to remember these activities. If the attending physician suspects that the little patient is not all right, then he is obliged to send him for additional tests to find out the situation. As a rule, a biopsy puts an end to this issue. This medical term refers to a mini-surgery that involves removing a small piece of tissue from the suspicious organ and carefully examining it under a microscope. This makes it possible to determine whether there is a disease or not, what is its form and stage of development. The method that will be chosen to solve the problem depends on the results obtained. But in some cases, for example, if the organs that make up the circulatory system are in doubt, a bone marrow puncture is used. Treatment of pediatric cancers Doctors called pediatric oncologists and oncohematologists specialize in this. To eliminate the problem, the child is visited in special departments that are in large hospitals. Otherwise, the little patient is sent to specialized research institutes. If we are talking about the prevention of cancer in adults, then we emphasize that in 70% of cases the lifestyle that a person leads is important. In oncology, a "risk factor" is anything that increases the likelihood of a disease. Each tumor has its own risk factors. In an adult, these are obesity, physical inactivity, overeating and an unhealthy diet, smoking and alcohol, exposure to toxic substances, and the presence of chronic diseases. However, lifestyle factors affect the body for decades before leading to dis