Социальная значимость аллергии у детей, рожденных от матерей-аллергиков

Аннотация

The article includes data from literary analysis on aspects of the social significance of allergies in children bom to mothers with allergic diseases, which are important for physicians, especially pediatricians. Keywords: allergies, pregnancy, aspects, complications, children Allergic diseases belong to the most common in 7% - in relatives on the maternal line, in 11.6% - from the children, and in recent years there lias been a significant father, in 11.6% - in relatives on the paternal side . In 16% increase in the frequency and more severe course of allergic of children, hereditary burden was on two lines of diseases, in connection with which they are considered in relationship, children without allergies, but with identified modern society as a major medical and social problem. The hereditary burden, the structure was about the same, but frequency of allergic diseases, according to different there were no cases of burden and on two lines. authors, varies widely, depending on the diagnostic criteria To date, data on the prevalence of allergic diseases, used and methods of epidemiological research. Statistics mainly determined by the results of statistical reports showed that the prevalence of bronchial astluna according compiled by medical institutions for accessibility. to domestic and foreign authors ranges from 0.2 to 8.1%. However, this information does not give a true picture. At the same time, according to the generalized data of the The epidemic increase in the number of allergic ISAAC study (International Study of Astluna and Allergies diseases over the past 30-40 years is obvious. In childhood, in Childhood - International Study of Astluna and Allergies the most common are three clinical forms of atopic in Children), the frequency of astluna symptoms ranges dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and bronchial astluna. ft is from 1.0 to 30.8%. Allergic rhinitis and pollinosis in differ- generally recognized that official statistics, based on ent regions make up 0.2-20%, atopic dermatitis and eczema indicators of patient attendance at medical institutions, do -1.6-4.2%. not correspond to the true prevalence of diseases. The authors of foreign and domestic literature noted Clinical studies on standardized international pro- that one of the reasons for the variation in the prevalence grams show that the frequency of allergic diseases lias rates of allergic diseases in children is the lack of a standard increased over the last decade by 2 times and reached 30% epidemiological survey methodology and uniform among the child population. Allergic diseases are one of the diagnostic criteria, representativeness of groups for a main items of expenditure from treatment, hospitalization reliable comparison of the results obtained. At the same and causes of deterioration in the quality of life of children time, essential hypodiagnosis of allergic diseases is also and their parents. In this connection, adequate prevention noted. of allergy in children, its timely detection and proper Epidemiologically defined prevalence rates of allergic treatment is of great importance. diseases often exceed the official statistics twice, therefore, Allergic diseases are complex and multifactorial in data based on referral to doctors do not reflect the true nature. Some of the factors are generally recognized and spread of this pathology and confirm the need for well-studied, for example, genetic predisposition, others epidemiological studies. The social significance of the have been actively studied in recent years. Particular problem and the economic burden of allergic diseases also attention is attracted by the role of infectious agents that can dictate the need for such research. change the nature and fork of the body's immune response. As is known from the literature, the development of The authors found that, due to the complexity of the allergic diseases depends on the interaction of genetic pathogenesis of allergic diseases, literature data on the susceptibility on the one hand and the influence of effects of viral and bacterial pathogens on them are often environmental allergens, as well as non-specific factors contradictory and cause more confusion than evidence. On (smoking, air pollution and infection) on the other, ft should the other hand, in 70% of children, the first attack of astluna be noted that the last three or four decades The incidence of occurs against the background of acute respiratory astluna and other allergopathologies throughout the world infections; among them there is a high proportion of lias increased markedly, being too short a period of time for infected with mycoplasmas, chlamydia, cytomegalovirus. the emergence of new genetic changes. Therefore, basically The ability of some viruses to bacteria to initiate the all studies are focused on the study of various production of specific immunoglobulins of class E has been environmental factors that, to one degree or another, may proven. Thus, to study the