METHODS OF TRANSMISSION OF THE SEMANTICS OF RUSSIAN PERFECT VERBS INTO THE UZBEK LANGUAGE

Аннотация

The article is devoted to the consideration of the semantics of the verb form in the Russian language, in particular, the perfect form of the verb. Methods of transferring the semantic content of perfect verbs into the Uzbek language are presented in detail and illustrated with examples from the texts of fiction. KEYWORDS: - Aspect category; aspect; semantics; grammatical category, perfect verb, completeness, incompleteness of action, auxiliary verb, perfect, imperfect form, temporal forms. full (perfect) kind and the incomplete I NTRODUCTION (imperfect) kind [7:81]. In accordance with this opinion, constructions with auxiliary verbs The problem of the category of species is one of denoting continuity are of the incomplete type the most controversial and complex issues in (imperfect, incomplete), and constructions with Turkology [1:48]. Despite the extensive work auxiliary verbs denoting completeness are of the carried out and the practical measures taken in complete type (perfect, complete). this area, expert scientists did not come to a common decision regarding the category of the In the Turkic languages, including Uzbek, there species. According to some researchers, in the are auxiliary verbs, meaning duration and Turkic languages, as well as in the Russian completeness [7:86]. But this phenomenon language, there are two types of verbs: cannot serve as a basis for saying that the continuous or long (imperfect, unfinished action) presence of a species is also observed in the verbs and full (perfect, completed action) verbs Turkic languages. [7: 3]. Other researchers, on the contrary, do not In Russian, all verbs have a specific category divide verbs into types according to the presence [2:190], which cannot be said about Uzbek verbs. of a specific feature [7:82]. If we assume the presence of this morphological There is an assumption that there are two types category in the Uzbek language, then similarly of verbs in the Turkic languages – verbs of the the verbs would be of two types, and CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL 96 SCIENCES ISSN – 2767-3758 https://masterjournals.com/index.php/crjps CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2(5): 96- 102, May 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-02-05-21 ISSN 2767-3758 ©2021 Master Journals Accepted25th May, 2021 & Published 31th May, 2021 undoubtedly would belong to one of the types. expressing only the indicated meanings But such a phenomenon is not observed in the (completeness or incompleteness of an action). compared language. Although there are many Verb constructions expressing the completeness auxiliary verbs in it, meaning continuity and of an action are a combination of the main and completeness, verbs are not always used with auxiliary verbs. As the latter, one can use the one of them. Very often, verbs are used without verbs chiq – “to leave”, ket – “to leave”, qol – “to auxiliary verbs (or other forms in the same stay”, which denote the completeness of the sense), denoting continuity or completeness. action, for example: U yostiqni, adyolni ushlab This means that verbs used without means ko`rdi, palatani ko`zdan kechirib chiqdi-da, expressing duration or completeness cannot be doctor yaxshi yasharkan, degan fikrga keldi (A.P. attributed to either the perfect or the imperfect Chekhov “Qochoq”. Translated by Kh. form. Akhrorova). He touched the pillows and the Therefore, it cannot be argued that in the Uzbek blanket with his hands, looked around the ward language, as in Russian, there is a similar and decided that the doctor was living very well category and that there are two types, since this (A.P Chekhov "The Fugitive"). The verb chiq – phenomenon is not confirmed by materials denotes the completeness of the action, its (forms) in the Uzbek language. implementation, its distribution to the entire object. Forms of a perfect or imperfect form in Russian denote either completeness or incompleteness of Men ko`p hayol ko`chalariga kirib chiqdim, ohiri an action. The means of expressing the meanings shu fikrga keldim (Ch.Aitmatov "Birinchi of completeness and duration in the Uzbek muallim". Translated by Zainab). I came to this language (as well as auxiliary verbs) are used not conviction after much thought (Ch. Aytmatov only to express completeness or duration itself, "The First Teacher"). but also to express continuity or completeness in The verb ket, denoting completeness, also a certain sense. For example, in the Uzbek indicates the directionality from the character: U language the auxiliary verbs yot, tur, yur, o`tir, chiqib ketdi va yana bir burda non olib keldi (A.P. bor, kel, ber denote duration, but each of them in Chekhov “Qochoq” Translated by Kh. Akhrorova). a certain sense represents duration. For example, She went out and brought a new piece of bread ishlab yotibdi (works hard) - the auxiliary verb (A.P Chekhov "The Fugitive"). yot means action with a continuation, the auxiliary verb bor means continuity with