ON THE STATE OF SOME RELIGIOUS REALITIES IN THE TRANSLATION PROCESS IN THE NOVEL “BYGONE DAYS”

Аннотация

The article examines the description of religious realities and features of reflection in the process of translation. KEYWORDS: - Reality, reality-word, reality-thing, religious reality, transliteration. The term reality was first defined by K. I NTRODUCTION Hendshin, a United States educator: “Realities are people, history, institutions, things that make It is well known that the words and concepts of up the civilization and culture of a particular the original people – the realities – play an nation”[1]. significant role in the full expression of the translation. Realities include national dishes, According to O.S.Akhmanova, reality is also a clothing, national musical instruments, thing of material culture. It is necessary to household items, names, nicknames, urban, rural distinguish between reality words and reality features, architecture, geographical names, things. The term “reality” is widely used in natural landscapes, names of animals and plants, translation literature in the sense of reality, as a degree , words and phrases denoting titles, sign of reality-object, and as an element of the classes, and other divisions, institutions, lexicon of a particular language [2. 318]. organizations, religious ceremonies, and other T ethnographic symbols. Therefore, to preserve the HE MAIN FINDINGS AND RESULTS national identity of a work in translation, it is The most complete explanation of the concept of necessary to know not only the original language, reality can be found in L.L.Nelyubin’s but also the past, present, religion, culture, “Explanatory Dictionary of Translation Studies”: literature, lifestyle, traditions and customs of “Realities: 1. Words or phrases that describe people speaking this language and language things, concepts, and situations that do not exist requires adequate awareness. in the practical experience of people who speak The word “realia” is derived from the Latin word another language. 2. Various factors studied by realis, which means “material,” “actually exists.” linguists and translators, such as the structure of CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL 12 SCIENCES ISSN – 2767-3758 https://masterjournals.com/index.php/crjps CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2(6): 12-16, May 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-02-06-03 ISSN 2767-3758 ©2021 Master Journals Accepted05thJune, 2021 & Published 10thJune, 2021 the text, the history and culture of the people, the of a work. The translator must be very careful linguistic relations of the speakers of the when translating religious words, depending on language in terms of their reflection in a given the context. Abdullah Qadiri’s “Bygone days” language. 3. Material cultural objects that serve contains religious words and concepts related to as the basis for the nominative meaning of the Islam. For example, in the Russian translation of word. 4. Words denoting national characteristics the work by Mukhammadnodir Safarov, the of lifestyle and way of life” [3. 178]. prayer times are as follows: It is important to reflect in the translation the Asr namozi (Asr prayer) – намаза “аср”; terms associated with religious customs and Shom namozi (evening prayer) – вечерняя rituals, as they give the work a national spirit. молитва; Proper expression of them will allow to truly re store the national character of the original. It is Xuftan namozi (night prayer) – намаза extremely difficult to make clear “хуфтан”; recommendations for each specific case received. Namozi jum’a (Friday prayer)– джума-намаз. One thing is certain: words that describe The prayer times in the play are mostly religious practices need to be translated very transliterated into Russian, and the translation of carefully. the evening prayer as вечерняя молитва is It is well known that Islam is the religion of our consistent with the content. ancestors, and for us it is faith, morality, religion In Bygone days, there has been a lot of coverage and enlightenment. From time immemorial, our of Islamic traditions. The following are examples enlightened ancestors have believed in Islam. In of this: particular, the works of the great thinker Yusuf Khas Hajib “Qutadgu bilig”, Alisher Navoi, In Uzbek translation: Zakhiriddin Mukhammad Babur, Baburahim Yigitlar kuyavni domlalar qarshisig’a keltirib Mashrab are full of religious philosophy. to’xtatqandan keyin Otabek vakili bo’lg’an Ziyo Similarly, religious values are reflected in the shohichi bilan Kumush qiz vakili literature of other nations, including Europe. Muhammadrahim oralarida mahr masalasi People have given different names to the God ochiladir [4. 58]. they worship, built different temples to their After the young men stopped the bridegroom in gods and named them differently, and the way front of the mullahs, the issue of Mahr was they worship their gods is different in every opened between Otabek’s representative, Ziya nation. Shakhichi and Kumush girl’s representative, In the translation of the w