VIEWS ON THE STRUCTURAL-SEMANTIC AND FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF SYMBOLS

Аннотация

This article reflects the views of scholars from various fields of science on symbols and their classification, and the symbols used in the Uzbek language are divided into groups from a linguistic point of view. KEYWORDS: - Symbol, structural-semantic, functional, extrolinguistic symbols, word-symbols, “form- content relationship”, image, metaphorical symbols, metonymic symbols, semantic element, aesthetic object I While some researchers view symbols as a type NTRODUCTION of symbol, some scholars interpret them as an The division and study of symbols into specific image or metaphor. In the emergence of these spiritual groups serves to reveal the essence of ideas, the connection between the more the methodological tools that are considered expressive and the expressed, the functions complex in science. As mentioned earlier, performed by the symbols, is taken into account. symbols are studied not only from a philological For example, in cultural studies, a symbol is point of view, but also in such fields of science as considered to be a special type of symbol that philosophy, logic, psychology, linguoculturology, provides a direct spiritual connection with the literature, cultural studies, semiotics. This being it represents. [2] phenomenon is interpreted in the context of The author of the article “Symbol” A.G. Sheikin these disciplines and is classified according to considers the category of symbols in several the characteristics of each field. Research shows aspects. According to him, the symbol: that due to the diversity of views on symbols, so far no definite conclusion has been reached in 1. A symbol-like concept in artificially formed the classification of this phenomenon. languages. T 2. In the aesthetics and philosophy of art - a HE MAIN FINDINGS AND RESULTS universal category, reflecting the specific CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL 67 SCIENCES ISSN – 2767-3758 https://masterjournals.com/index.php/crjps CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2(6): 67-72, May 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-02-06-14 ISSN 2767-3758 ©2021 Master Journals Accepted25thJune, 2021 & Published 30thJune, 2021 features of the figurative understanding of life complex symbols according to their structure. In through art, a semantic element of the work of this case, as simple symbols it is necessary to art. specify the symbols consisting of one element or a single word (concept). For example, the 3. In socio-cultural sciences, it is a material or composition of apple, sun, morning, and similar ideological cultural object that acts as a symbols consists of a single object, represented symbol in the communicative or translational by a single word. Complex symbols, on the other process, and is a traditional copy (analogue) hand, are the result of a combination of two or of the meaning of another object [12, 199]. more things. For example, a red rose (a A symbol is a type of idea expressed figuratively combination of the terms “red” and “rose”), a in the field of art or, conversely, an idea national flag, and so on. expressed through an image [11, 3]. The symbols have been classified In sociology, a symbol is any gesture, artifact, differently by different researchers based on the sign, or concept that represents something, main and specific features of this phenomenon. signifies a meaning[1]. In particular, the Russian scientist A. Losev in his It can be seen that there are two different views work “The problem of symbols and realistic art”, on the essence of the symbol in the philological taking into account the functional nature of the literature. Some scholars (A.A.Potebnya, A.Belyy, symbols, divides them into the following types: V.V.Vinogradov, A.F.Losev) depicted the symbols, 1. Scientific symbols. Special symbols related to some (V.M.Zhirmunsky, B.S.Meyyaakh, N.K.Gay, this type of science, such as mathematics, V. P, Grigorev) attribute the symbol to migration geometry, are included. [10]. According to VV Vinogradov, symbols are 2. Philosophical symbols are represented as an aesthetically decorated, artistically limited, philosophical concepts and categories. emotionally-figurative meaning in the composition of a work of art, and the meaning is 3. Artistic symbols. The author notes that the a unit of speech conditionally connected with an presence of elements of symbols in artistic aesthetic object [3, 240-249]. V.M. Zhirmunsky images, in a sense, there is a similarity in notes symbols as a special type of metaphor [5]. their properties, and artistic images rise to the level of symbols. According to the Internet electronic resource “Encyclopedia Around the World” a symbol is an 4. Mythological symbols. Heroes and images image, thing or event that conditionally mentioned in legends that have a symbolic represents an idea, concept or image. It is such meaning are included in this category. an image that it can embody content and However, they need to be distinguished from relationships,