SOME ASPECTS ON VARIETIES OF ENGLISH PRONUNСIATION

Аннотация

The American variant of English has been very thoroughly described by many prominent scholars both in this country and in the USA. In this book, however, we shall try to follow the conception introduced by A.D. Shweitzer in his sociolinguistic approach to the treatment of contemporary speech situation in America. KEYWORDS: - Vocabulary, listening, pronunsiation, speaking, reading, writing, pedagogical technologies, interactive, intellectual, foreign language. the high mobility of population, internal migrations I NTRODUCTION of different communities and so on. As regards pronunciation, however, it is not at all The sociolinguistic situation in the United States is homogeneous. There are certain varieties of very complicated. It is molded by certain linguistic, educated American speech. In the USA three main cultural, historic, demographic, geographic, political types of cultivated speech are recognized: the and other factors. Generally speaking, the situation Eastern type, the Southern type and Western or in the USA may be characterized as exoglossic, i.e. General American. having several languages on the same territory, the 1. The Eastern type is spoken in New England, and balance being in favor of American English. It is in New York city. It bears a remarkable true, of course, that the formation of the American resemblance to Southern English, though there are, Standard underwent the influence of minorities' of course, some slight differences. languages, but its starting point was the English 2. The Southern type is used in the South and South- language of the early 17th century. However, time East of the USA. It possesses a striking distinctive has passed, American English has drifted feature – vowel drawl, which is a specific way of considerably from English though as yet not enough pronouncing vowels, consisting in the to give us ground to speak of two different diphthongization and even diphthongization of languages. Thus we speak of the national variant of some pure vowels and monophthongization of English in America. American English shows a some diphthongs at the expense of prolonging lesser degree of dialect than British English due to («drawling») their nuclei and dropping the glides. some historical factors: the existence of Standard 3. The third type of educated American speech is English when first English settlers came to America, General American (GA), also known as Northern American or Western American spoken in the CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL 73 SCIENCES ISSN – 2767-3758 https://masterjournals.com/index.php/crjps CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2(9): 73-75, September 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-02-09-15 ISSN 2767-3758 ©2021 Master Journals Accepted25thSeptember, 2021 & Published 30thSeptember, 2021 central Atlantic States: New York, New Jersey, more definitely than in British Received Wisconsin and others. GA pronunciation is known Pronunciation of the word [fa]. On the other hand, to be the pronunciation standard of the USA. There there is a vocalic, or vowel-like and syllabic [r], that are some reasons for it. GA is the form of speech occurs in words like bird, murmur (after a vowel used by the radio and television. It is mostly used in and before a consonant). Ch. Thomas writes that in scientific, cultural and business intercourse. Also in such cases we should better transcribe the words two important business centers GA is the prevailing bird and murmur like [brad] and [murmur]. In such forms of speech and pronunciation, though New cases [r] is responsible for the characteristic vowel- York is situated within the territory where Eastern like quality within the syllable; it is responsible for American is spoken, and St. Louis is within the syllabic quality as well. That's why Ch. Thomas says region of Southern American. In this chapter we that [r] syllabic in bird and [r] non-syllabic in far shall give an outline of GA accent. We will then should be transcribed differently. According to V.A. point to differences between this accent and RP. Vassilyev it is still the vowel of the word that forms 1. There is no strict division of vowels into long and a syllable ([3;] in bird, [o:] in corn, etc.), not the short in GA, though some American phoneticians syllabic [r] sound. He mentioned although that all suggest that certain GA vowels are tense and likely the vowel sounds in pre – [r] position sound more to be accompanied by relative length: [i:] in seat, like [a], [r] gives the preceding vowel a retroflex [u:] in pool. They also admit that a slight rise in coloring. It means that the tip of the tongue glides to tongue position during the pronunciation of tense the retroflex position without, however, staying vowels leads to a diphthongal quality of tense there long enough to produce a full-fledged vowels which contrasts to a monophthongal quality retroflex [r] sound, [r] also prolongs the vowel a of lax vowels. little. V.A. Vassilyev us