THE ESSENCE OF HUMAN IN BEDIL’S CREATION

Аннотация

This article explores the mystical (irfaniy) SUBMITED 20 January 2025 perspectives of the 15th-century renowned Muslim ACCEPTED 19 February 2025 PUBLISHED 17 March 2025 poet and thinker, Mir Alisher Navoi, as reflected in his VOLUME Vol.05 Issue 03 2025 divan Foniy. Sufism and its teachings have long played a significant role in shaping Islamic thought, influencing human perception, self-awareness, and moral COPYRIGHT refinement. Alisher Navoi, as a distinguished poet of his © 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms time, deeply engaged with Sufi philosophy and of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License. incorporated its themes into his literary works. His Foniy divan vividly illustrates key Sufi concepts such as repentance (tawba), annihilation of the self (fana), unity (wahdat), and divine bewilderment (hayrat). The article examines Navoi’s poetic reflections on these spiritual ideas, particularly his view that love and divine truth transcend religious and physical boundaries. Drawing comparisons with the works of earlier Sufi poets such as Rumi, Hafez, and Sa’di, the study highlights Navoi’s mastery in blending poetic elegance with profound mystical thought. His expressions of religious tolerance and unity resonate with modern concepts of pluralism and inclusivity. Through a close reading of selected ghazals, especially his famous verse equating the Ka‘ba and the monastery, the paper sheds light on Navoi’s belief in the universality of divine love and the ultimate goal of spiritual unity. Keywords: Alisher Navoi, Foniy divan, Sufism, mystical poetry, irfan, spiritual unity, fana, wahdat, Rumi, Hafez, Islamic literature, religious tolerance. Introduction: The works of Mir Alisher Navoi, a prominent and renowned poet and thinker of the 15th- century Muslim world, testify to his deep engagement with mystical philosophy, Sufi teachings, and literature. Sufis and the teachings of Sufism have always held an important place in the Islamic world. These teachings have influenced people’s perception and inner essence, helping them realize their true self, refine their desires and will, and achieve spiritual elevation, which in turn European International Journal of Philological Sciences 12 https://eipublication.com/index.php/eijps European International Journal of Philological Sciences has laid the foundation for humanism and tolerance in Talab yo`lida oqilu devona birdir actions. Sufi poets, philosophers, and representatives Ishq rasmida o`zgayu begona birdir of Sufi literature have sought to elevate people’s Sharobdan jonon vasliga yetganlar thoughts and social activity levels by presenting the ideas of Sufi teachings and enriching human Ul mazhabida Ka`bayu butxona birdir knowledge and spirituality. Alisher Navoi, a prominent In this quatrain, Mawlana Rumi emphasizes that in the Muslim poet of his time, demonstrates through his search for love and truth, there is no difference between works that he mastered the teachings of Sufism with a rational person and a mad one; both walk the same great attention and precision, incorporating these path. Likewise, in true love, everything appears the ideas into his writings. Indeed, his works, especially in same, and for the lover, any place that brings them the Foniy divan, uniquely and powerfully express the closer to the beloved is sacred and dear. Therefore, in lower and higher levels of Sufism, from repentance to love, semantic distinctions disappear, and everything the ultimate stages of Sufism, such as annihilation merges into unity (wahdat). For one who has (fana), unity (wahdat), and spiritual wonder (hayrat). experienced the intoxicating depth of love, there is no This is not surprising, as Navoi, being a disciple of difference between the Ka‘ba and an idol temple—both Hazrat Jami, also drew inspiration from the ideas and become symbols of divine presence. In other words, in works of Hafez, Sa’di, and Rumi, which reflect his the realms of love and spirituality, all things are equally awareness and mastery as a poet. His following of his sacred and valuable. Navoi echoes this idea in his Foniy predecessors' path further demonstrates his literary divan, particularly in the 82nd ghazal, where he states: skill and deep connection to mystical literature. تسا هار قح یوس هناخ رهز هک نآ ز هد هداب Navoi’s Sufi perspectives and the outcomes of his تشنک جنک زا رگ و دجسم هشوگ زا رگا spiritual journey lead him to embrace the path of Bo’da ber, chunki har uydan yoʻl bor Xudo sari, attaining the ultimate truth and essence. The concepts known today as religious pluralism and tolerance find Whether it be the corner of a mosque or the nook of a clear expression in his Sufi philosophy. In his Foniy church. divan, particularly in the ghazal Tatabu-ye Xoja (No. Xoh u masjid burchagi boʻlsin, yo kaliso kunji. 153), Navoi emphasizes that there is no fundamental In Alisher Navoi’s mystical perspectives, the highest goal difference between the Ka‘ba and the m