COGNITIVE ASPECTS OF THE CAUSATIVE VERB TO HAVE IN MODERN ENGLISH

Аннотация

In the article are analyzed the structure-semantic special aspects of the verb have in its causative meaning. The constructions with the verb have belong to the class of syntactic or analytical causatives. The author highlights the multidimensional semantic characters of the causative constructions with the verb have, which can embody different meanings of causativity. KEYWORDS: - Syntactic causative, causative verb, basic element of semantic structure, causator, actor. Croft, M. Haspelmath, B. Levin, RHT Malka, T. I NTRODUCTION Sanders, E. Sweetser, N. Sumbatova, D. Wunderlich and others. The nature of modern research in the The category of causation is one of the most field of semantic syntax testifies to the elaboration important categories of verbal predicates, of the methodological basis and terminological expressing a complex form of interconnection of the apparatus of the theory of causation. At the same processes of objective reality through the prism of time, there is a different degree of depth of research cause-and-effect relations. Research in this area of causative constructions in different languages. does not cease to be relevant due to the fact that the The causative is traditionally divided into lexical causative is recognized as a semantic universal causative and grammatical causative. Simple concept. transitive verbs with a «causate» component and, in some cases, morphologically derived causative The theory of causative and causative constructions verbs that are formed using unproductive and was developed primarily by such scientists as V. P. irregular morphological means, belong to the lexical Nedyalkov, G. G. Silnitsky, A. A. Kholodovich, V. S. causative. Morphological causatives (synthetic) and Khrakovsky, B. Comrie, M. Shibatani, L. Talmy. syntactic (analytical) causatives form a class of Particular problems associated with QC were also grammatical causatives [3, p. 387-388]. considered in the works of V.D. Kalushchenko, O. N. Seliverstova, Yu.S. Stepanov, B. Abbot, A. Alsina, W. In English, the syntactic causative is represented by constructions with the verbs let, make, have, get, CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL 141 SCIENCES ISSN – 2767-3758 https://masterjournals.com/index.php/crjps CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2(11): 141-145, November 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-02-11-30 ISSN 2767-3758 ©2021 Master Journals Accepted25thNovember, 2021 & Published 30thNovember, 2021 help, etc., which are usually called analytical or meaning “cause somebody to do something” [5, p. auxiliary causative verbs. 209]. This definition can be interpreted in various ways, since the verb “cause” in English has several The traditional division of English verbs into meanings - to be a cause, cause, force, command, semantic and service verbs (depending on the etc. All these meanings can be combined into one meaning and role in the structure of the sentence) linguistic term “causate”, which “means to act in leads us to a dead end regarding the status of the such a way that the situation of R. immediately verb have in the causative meaning. begins to take place”. [1, p. 265]. In accordance with the complex semantics of the concept of “causate”, As you know, the verb have is characterized by various versions of the translation of this regular polysemy. As a full-valued semantic verb, it construction are possible. The context suggests has a number of lexical meanings: to have, to which aspect of the causative influence takes place possess, to have in the composition, to receive, to in a given situation. One thing remains unchanged: achieve, to win, to take over, etc. As the auxiliary the causative effect of the desire / will of the agent verb have, losing its independent meaning, it serves (causator) on the patient (causable) is the nuclear to form complex tense forms and in this case component in the semantics of the causative verb becomes a service verb. have. A service word is understood as “for which the R ESULTS syntactic function, consisting in linking, highlighting, correlating, etc., is the main one”; service words are dependent, incomplete, non- 1. “I’m ready to see Mr Smith. Have him come in, independent words. please” [5, p. 209] – Men janob Smitni ko'rishga tayyorman. Iltimos, uni ichkariga kiriting. 2. “We cannot have them back” (The Guardian, R ESEARCH METHODOLOGY 20.09.2002) – Biz ularni qaytarib ololmaymiz. 3. “I'll have Hudson show you to your room” [4, c. It is difficult to unambiguously classify the verb 746] –Men Gudsondan sizni xonangizni have in a causative sense as an auxiliary verb, since ko'rsatishini so'rayman. an auxiliary verb is a component of the analytical 4. The causative “have + object + -ing form” has structure that expresses only the grammatical the meaning “cause somebody to be doing meaning (as, for example, in the complex forms of something” [5, p. 209], that is, just as in the the Perfect and Perfect Continuous groups). “h