NATIONAL AND CULTURAL FEATURES OF JAPANESE LANGUAGE PHRASEOLOGISMS

Аннотация

Phraseologisms are characteristic of all languages of the world, but they have their own special forms of expression. They reflect character traits, worldview, lifestyle of representatives of a particular people. Phraseologisms of any language, being associated with the geographical conditions of the country, historical development, state system and religion, are not always clear. In the Japanese language, there are many phraseological units that are not translated verbatim, but are perceived rethought and enhance the aesthetic aspect of the language. The article deals with several thematic groups of Japanese phraseological units, which include the names of historical events, household items, the names of games, animals, which are included in the basic vocabulary of the language and reflect the processes characteristic of the language and its national specifics, and we can say that the overwhelming majority Japanese phraseological units reflect the mentality of the nation, originality, worldview of peoples - native speakers, i.e. phraseological units contain a cultural connotation that reflects the everyday empirical, historical, spiritual experience of the Japanese people. KEYWORDS: - Phraseological units, culture of the people, national characteristics, cultural semantics. expression. They reflect character traits, worldview, I NTRODUCTION lifestyle of representatives of a particular people. Phraseologisms of any language, being associated Any language expresses the culture of the people with the geographical conditions of the country, who speak it. Learning a foreign language always historical development, state system and religion, means also getting to know the new culture that are not always clear. In the Japanese language, there underlies the given language. V.N. Telia writes that are many phraseological units that are not “the phraseological composition of the language is a translated verbatim, but are perceived rethought mirror in which the linguocultural community and enhance the aesthetic aspect of the language. identifies its national identity. It is the phraseological units that the native speakers call a Phraseologisms are one of the most interesting special vision of the world, of the situation” (4, 284). manifestations of the nationally determined Phraseologisms are common to all languages of the specificity of the mentality of the people. According world, but they have their own special forms of to V.A. Maslova, “the inner form of most phraseological units contains such meanings that CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL 177 SCIENCES ISSN – 2767-3758 https://masterjournals.com/index.php/crjps CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2(12): 177-182, December 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-02-12-34 ISSN 2767-3758 ©2021 Master Journals Accepted21thDecember, 2021 & Published 26thDecember, 2021 give them a cultural and national flavor” (3, 82-86.). that time to solve a problem; with the name of the National and cultural characteristics have a great historical era of Tempo, dated from 1830 to 1844. influence on the formation of the language. the phraseological unit 天保時代の人tempodzitai- no hito (literally people of the Tempo era) - people The presence of cultural semantics in of the old school, also used 天保の時代 tempo-no phraseological units predetermines the "longevity" dzitai - old times; The next phraseological unit of phraseological units in a living language, since originates from conversations that were conducted phraseological units are reproduced by a native near the Edo castle by visiting officials about their speaker not only in their direct, linguistic function - secret affairs 下馬評 gebahyo: - rumors, gossi; nominative, but also in the cultural function. 関ヶ原 sekigahara - decisive battle - from the name It should be noted that over the centuries Japanese of the place of the historical battle in 1600 before phraseology has evolved under the influence of a the establishment of the Tokugawa era; 小田原評所 wide range of social, economic, political, cultural odawara-hyojo - empty words. This phraseological and environmental factors. The countries of the unit originates from the event of 1591, when peace Great Silk Road, namely China, as well as Buddhism, negotiations between Toyotomi Hideyoshi and his had a particular influence on the development of opponents dragged on for a long time in the the Japanese phraseological fund before the Meiji Odawara castle, the negotiations ultimately did not revolution of 1868, and since the middle of the 19th lead to anything; the phraseological unit is century. Western trends and scientific associated with the historical character achievements have a significant impact on 弁慶の泣き所 benkei-no nakidokoro (literally traditional Japanese culture and language. Benkei's ston), despite the fact that he was a famous warrior and strongman, Benkei still had M ETHODS weaknesses, hence the name of the phraseological unit “Benkei's groan” that me