HISTORY OF CREATION "SHAH-NAME" FIRDOUSI

Аннотация

The name of Ferdousi and his heritage, both creative and the legends about him, are a cultural code that plays an important role in the unity of the Persian cultural space, extending far beyond Iran. And at the same time the author of "Shahnameh" became a romantic legend of the West. The image of the poet, who created the greatest work, but did not receive recognition during his lifetime, turned out to be very close to European romantics. As well as the theme of the struggle against tyrants and autocrats, therefore, in many interpretations, Ferdousi appears not only as an unrecognized genius, but also as a victim of persecution. KEYWORDS: - Epic poem, Iranian antiquity, couplet, primitive Indo-Aryan society, era of Arshakids, in Avesta Fragrasyan, the great epic of humanity 60,000 bayts "Shah-Name" made up a single epic - I NTRODUCTION the longest poem ever written by a human hand. It covers the entire history of the Persian kingdoms Ferdousi (full name - Hakim Abulkasim Mansur for four millennia, contains the wisest sayings about Hasan Ferdousi Tusi) is traditionally considered the love and separation, life and death. founder of Persian epic poetry. Today he is considered a national poet in Iran, Tajikistan, T HE MAIN RESULTS AND FINDINGS Uzbekistan and Afghanistan. Ferdousi is the author of the largest epic poem At the beginning of the X century. favorable conditions were formed for the development of Translated from Persian "Book of Kings", "Book of literature in the relatively centralized eastern Kings", "King-Book". The Book of Kings describes Iranian state of the Samanids (887-999), the history of Iran from ancient times to the independent of the Arab Caliphate, in which the penetration of Islam in the 7th century. Shah Nam country's economic structure was finally acquiring describes the history of more than 50 kingdoms. feudal forms. Crafts, local and caravan trade are CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL 45 SCIENCES ISSN – 2767-3758 https://masterjournals.com/index.php/crjps CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2(12): 45-48, December 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-02-12-09 ISSN 2767-3758 ©2021 Master Journals Accepted06thDecember, 2021 & Published 11thDecember, 2021 especially developed; culture is on the rise. Bukhara (dedicated to Mansur), completed in 957. It was this becomes not only the capital of this state, but also work that Ferdowsi used in his work. The preface to the center of the cultural life of the whole Eastern "Mansurova Shah-nama" with pronounced features Iran and Central Asia. It was in Bukhara that the of early Persian-language prose came to light. The first large school of poetry and prose in Farsi took authors of this epic collection apparently used oral shape and flourished. The legacy of this school tradition, legends that existed in the folk and became a classic tradition for the subsequent dekhkan (petty feudal) environment. One of the development of literature. authors was Dakiki (d. 977), who probably knew all these works. In the domains of the Samanids, connoisseurs of the elegant word appear, the court encourages high The Dakiki court poet brought together the myths poetry in Farsi. The poet responds to everything that later served as the basis for Shah Nama. After that could interest the newly revived Iranian preliminary work, Dakiki began compiling his aristocracy. The loss of connection with the ancient poetry book. According to some reports, he Iranian literary tradition and the centuries-old managed to write about 5,000 bytes. The poet's imitation of Arabic poetry during the period of the unexpected death at the hands of a slave during a dominance of the Arabic language as the state, feast interrupted his work, and Ferdousi included scientific and literary language in Iran led, only about a thousand of his beits in his "Shah- obviously, to the fact that by the time of the Nama". They have come down to us, revealing, like emergence of poetry in the Farsi language, the other poetic fragments of Dakiki, the author's Arabic quantitative principle of metric was sympathy for ancient traditions and the Zoroastrian strengthened to an ever-increasing degree, as in faith. theory , and in practice Ferdousi wrote to Shahnameh for 35 years. During During the reign of the Samanids, interest in Iranian this time, the political situation in the country has antiquity was revived, in particular, collections of changed dramatically. The ruling Samanid dynasty legends and traditions about mythical and historical was replaced by Sultan Mahmud, a Turk by origin. heroes and kings who lived before the Arab This created a number of difficulties for Ferdousi. invasion were compiled in Farsi. These Shah Nam is a purely Iranian poem that glorifies mythological codes are usually called "Shah-name" Iranian culture and the Iranian people, placing Iran ("The Book of Kings"). at the center of the universe. The main idea of the poem is that only hereditary car