THE POLICY OF RESETTLEMENT OF RUSSIANS TO THE TERRITORY OF TURKESTAN, TURNING IT INTO A RAW MATERIAL BASE FOR COTTON

Аннотация

One of the motives for the subjugation of Central Asia was the desire of tsarism to turn it into a colonization area for the resettlement of peasants from the central provinces of Russia. However, Uzbekistan did little to justify the calculations of the tsarist government, since there was no free irrigated land. Peasant colonization became widespread only on the territory of Kazakhstan and northern Kyrgyzstan. The resettlement of Russian peasants was often accompanied by a violent seizure of the lands of the indigenous population. The kulak settlers exploited both the local population and the Russian poor. The tsarist government attached great importance to the resettlement of part of the peasants of Russian villages to Central Asia in order to mitigate the social contradictions in Russia caused by the lack of land in connection with the development of capitalist relations in Russian agriculture. Already in 1869, rules on peasant settlements in Semirechye were developed, which created favorable conditions for the influx of Russian settlers. During the period from 1888 to 1916, the sowing of cotton increased by almost 10 times (from 68.5 thousand dessiatins to 680 thousand 911 dessiatins), and the gross cotton harvest increased by almost 7 times (from 2.27 million poods per year). 1879 to 14.9 million poods – in 1916) The area of irrigated land and the production of agricultural products increased significantly, the range of agricultural sectors expanded. Cotton attracted Russian capital to Central Asia. At least 30 of the largest trading companies were engaged in its production and purchase. The main creditors were the largest banks in Russia KEYWORDS: - Subjugation of Central Asia, contradictions, Semirechye, colonization area, Russian peasants, the tsarist government, the local population irrigated land. Peasant colonization became I NTRODUCTION widespread only on the territory of Kazakhstan and northern Kyrgyzstan. The resettlement of Russian One of the motives for the subjugation of Central peasants was often accompanied by a violent Asia was the desire of tsarism to turn it into a seizure of the lands of the indigenous population. colonization area for the resettlement of peasants The kulak settlers exploited both the local from the central provinces of Russia. However, population and the Russian poor. The tsarist Uzbekistan did little to justify the calculations of the government attached great importance to the tsarist government, since there was no free resettlement of part of the peasants of Russian CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL 113 SCIENCES ISSN – 2767-3758 https://masterjournals.com/index.php/crjps CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2(12): 113-121, December 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-02-12-24 ISSN 2767-3758 ©2021 Master Journals Accepted15thDecember, 2021 & Published 20thDecember, 2021 villages to Central Asia in order to mitigate the uprising. In 1873. in the Namangan vilayet, a large social contradictions in Russia caused by the lack of popular uprising broke out, which soon engulfed land in connection with the development of the entire khanate. Its main driving forces were the capitalist relations in Russian agriculture. Already dehkan masses, artisans, and small traders. The in 1869, rules on peasant settlements in Semirechye uprising was led by Iskhak-mulla Hasan-oglu, were developed, which created favorable conditions Kirghiz by origin from Margilan district, who took for the influx of Russian settlers. During the period the name of Pulat-bek, one of the relatives of from 1888 to 1916, the sowing of cotton increased Khudayar-khan, who lived in exile in Samarkand. by almost 10 times (from 68.5 thousand dessiatins One of the most important events of the late 19th to 680 thousand 911 dessiatins), and the gross century was the uprising of 1892, which was called cotton harvest increased by almost 7 times (from the "cholera riot" in Tashkent. Cholera and shy 2.27 million poods per year). 1879 to 14.9 million measures against it were only an external reason poods - in 1916) The area of irrigated land and the for the manifestation of deep internal discontent production of agricultural products increased that had accumulated among the population of significantly, the range of agricultural sectors Tashkent. On June 7, the first cholera cases were expanded. Cotton attracted Russian capital to registered in Tashkent. The city administration Central Asia. At least 30 of the largest trading prescribed a number of measures for the companies were engaged in its production and population in order to combat cholera. The purchase. The main creditors were the largest deceased could not be buried without the banks in Russia. The growth of national liberation preliminary testimony of a doctor. Due to the lack of and democratic movements in Turkestan. Uprising doctors, we had to wait several days. A large in Tashkent, Andijan. number of the dead began to accumu