THE INFLUENCE OF SCHILLER'S POEMS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF GERMAN THEATER IN THE XVIII CENTURY

Аннотация

The great German poet and playwright Friedrich Schiller was deeply involved in justice, medicine, aesthetics, history, logic, metaphysics, history of philosophy, and psychology, in addition to drama, because of his deep knowledge of Latin and Greek. With this research, Schiller tries to know human life on a materialistic basis. While Schiller studied dramaturgy from Shakespeare’s work, the works of Voltaire, Diderot, Russo, Lessing, Goethe served to shape his worldview. His friendship with Goethe in particular had a profound effect on his creative potential. Although in Schiller’s work “Pirates” the style was varied (Shakespearean tragedy, specific to Baroque art, rhetorical to Russian works), it was the first lyrical drama to have a political orientation in German drama. KEYWORDS: - Schiller, German theater, dramaturgy, "Pirates", “Cunning and Love”, "Maria Stewart". In Schiller's works, there is a worldview typical of I NTRODUCTION Sturmers, that is, the writer believes that art should fight spiritually against the evils of society, serve to Friedrich Schiller wrote the play "Die Räuber" in raise the consciousness of mankind. To do this, the 1781. The play was originally staged at the dramatist says, he must openly describe the truth, Mannheim Theater and was a huge success. the contradictions in society, and use a simple, Schiller did not confine himself to the work of art, lifelike writing style. Schiller criticizes works that but studied in depth the problems of theater and he are disguised as ‘classic works’, consisting only of explains his ideas and aesthetic views in his praising the rulers, with luxurious, lavish, beautiful theoretical works such as "On the modern German words. In particular, he criticized French theatrical Theater" (Uber gegenwärtige deutsche Theater, art, which was in vogue at the time. He writes: In 1782), "Does the theater provide spiritual Paris, it was customary to bring on stage lazy nourishment" (Die Schaubuhne als eine moralische puppets who would respond with ‘gentle’, always Anstalt betrachtet, 1785). saying ‘okay’, but in fact trying to hide the truth. CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL 201 SCIENCES ISSN – 2767-3758 https://masterjournals.com/index.php/crjps CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2(12): 201-205, December 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-02-12-38 ISSN 2767-3758 ©2021 Master Journals Accepted21thDecember, 2021 & Published 26thDecember, 2021 M which takes a bribe and will put that person in ETHODS office that whoever gives more or the believer's concern for the disappearance of the Inquisition, Schiller advocates an entertaining, nurturing, and who is actually causing the social problems”. enlightening theater. He believes that the negative It is noticeable that the young playwright made a events expressed through the scene do not hurt the slight mistake in some places. For example, Carl’s human tongue, but encourage thought. Schiller's hatred of the evils of society is expressed not progressive views are, of course, influenced by the through his behavior, but rather through his play “Hamburg Dramaturgy” by theater critic and monologues. Also, Amalia's purpose is unclear, her writer Lessing. This is probably why Schiller's speech is mostly rhetorical, which means that the works followed the rules of dramaturgy, as perfect image is incomplete. plays, as well as in line with the progressive ideas of the “Storm and Pressure” movement. Schiller developed as a dramatist and later wrote the play "Cunning and Love" (Kabale und Liebe). In The main protagonist of the work "Pirates" Carl this play, more dramatic rules are followed. The Moor openly "declares war on such a society." He protagonists and events of the work are not tissue. hides in the forest of Bohemia with his bandits, The main conflict (confrontation) takes place disturbing the peace of all the oppressive rulers. between two classes - the courtiers and the Although the robbers appeared to be lawbreakers, ordinary educated man, the musician Miller's their real intention was to punish the real robbers burger family. who amassed excessive wealth. They rebel in order to open the eyes of ministers and princes who go to Miller doesn’t want to be related to them because extremes and use their positions for their own he knows full well that there is crime under any benefit. In the play, the conflict between the siblings wealth, and that the rich look down on the ordinary leaves the family boundary and becomes a social family. When President Walter was rude, he opened problem. The collision is viewed on the same scale the door and appointed, “Yes, it is your job to solve as Shakespeare’s King Lear. But Schiller gives the the affairs of state, but I am the landlord. Therefore, images a brighter social meaning. For example, I have to drive an immoral guest out of my house. from a human point of view, Franz Moor is a Bey!” drives a man in a high position. criminal, but from t