THE CULTURE OF THE SAK TRIBES OF THE BRONZE AGE

Аннотация

In this article is dedicated to the issue of the culture of the Sak tribes of the Bronze Age in Central Asia. The main attention is paid to the archeological investigations reflecting the culture of those tribes. At the same time, researches of historians on the theme has been analysed either. The expounded informations have been proved by the facts at the result of archeological expeditions. KEYWORDS: - Saks, Aral Sea region, tribes, Tozaboghyob, Amirabad. seasonal livestock breeding took place. The I NTRODUCTION composition of archeological materials consists of hand-made ceramic vessels decorated with It is important to identify aspects of the geometric patterns and lines, bronze objects interdependence, harmony, and development of (knives, sickles, brass mirrors, bells, bracelets) cultural traditions that continue on a new basis and stone tools - scythes, hammers and sickles. in different cultures of different periods. With this in mind, it is expedient to briefly review the According to the main features, the Bronze Age content of the ancient traditions formed in the population groups of the Aral Sea region have Aral Sea region. been identified as belonging to the steppe tribes. This is evidenced by their household items, Literature review weapons and accommodation. The dwellings As a result of the study of archeological were built in the form of a rectangular hut with a monuments of the Bronze Age of the Aral Sea semi-basement, the upper sides and wooden region, various objects that make up the material columns at the top, covered with reeds at the culture were obtained. They have been base of lattice, i.e. they formed a system of adequately reviewed in the scientific literature columnar lattice light housing [6]. We see the [9]. method of construction of such dwellings in the repetition of the construction of houses of the During the Tozaboghyob and Amirabad periods, first Iron Age Kuyisay culture. most of the settlements were located on the banks of the South Akchadarya River, as well as V.M. Masson writes that settlements were in the Jonidarya and Inkardarya oases, where associated with various aspects of the ancient CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 42 ISSN – 2767-472X https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(5): 42-46, May 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-05-12 ISSN 2767-472X ©2021 Master Journals Accepted 25th May, 2021 & Published 30th May, 2021 social system. In their construction, along with seasonal migration of shepherds. According to household functions, socio-economic and M.A. Itina, camel meat was almost never environmental factors, the size of housing, consumed in the diet of Bronze Age communities. building solutions and construction techniques Because the ability of this pet in the field of found their will. Therefore, the housing system is transportation and transport is appreciated. It is defined by the leading sector of the economy and difficult to imagine the daily life of ancient steppe ethnic traditions. H. Matyakubov described herders without domesticated animals such as socio-economic and territorial characteristics of camels, horses, and donkeys. Based on the the Bronze Age society. The Bronze Age of the traditions described above, we will consider Aral Sea region indicates once again that they aspects of the development of the material were mainly cattle-breeders, according to the culture of the Early Iron Age in the Aral Sea degree of reflection of socio-economic region. characteristics in the settlements of the tribes. Livestock breeding provided shepherds with The shepherds who grazed the cattle in the meat and dairy products, and played an pastures used dwellings with a light construction important role in the trade of wool and leather, structure. They created favorable living as well as in the manufacture of clothing, conditions for the population, who were engaged footwear, carpets, and household goods. in cultivating the fields, growing fodder and stockpiling its reserves, as well as for hunters Analysis and results and fishermen. M.A. Itina described lifestyle and As a result of the development of bronze food culture of Bronze Age communities. metallurgy in the Aral Sea region during the Tozaboghyob culture, the demand for metals M ETHODS such as copper and tin gradually increased. As mentioned in the previous pages of the study, Comparing the lifestyle, socio-economic and copper and tin deposits are located in the Kyzyl- territorial characteristics of the Bronze Age Kum, adjacent to the Southern Urals, Central society, H. Matyakubov distinguished the Kazakhstan and the Aral Sea region. According to following: the location of various seed the scientific literature, in the Bronze Age, communities in the region, common housing for copper and tin deposits were developed by large patriarchal families, property and food steppe cattle-breeding tribes, and the raw resources from existing natural resources in the mat