THE HISTORICAL PHENOMENON OF PHILANTHROPY IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF GERMANY)

Аннотация

This article is devoted to the reformation of charity and charitable societies in Germany. The subject is the study of the formation and development of charity in Germany under the influence of socio-economic and cultural-historical factors. KEYWORDS: - German Democratic Republic, edict, subject of charity, Sozialhilfe, provision, Sozialamt. Germany (dated May 23, 1949) is the fourth I NTRODUCTION Constitution in the history of Germany (before that, Constitutions were adopted in 1849, 1871, The purpose of the research is to identify the and 1919). The right to social assistance was specifics of modern charitable activity in the enshrined in the German Constitution of 1919. context of its historical development, theoretical According to the Constitution, the Federal interpretation and practical experience. Republic of Germany is defined as a democratic The date of the entry of the German Democratic and social federal State [1]. Republic into the Federal Republic of Germany – In Germany, in 1682, a decree on measures of October 3, 1990-is considered to be the state charity was adopted, and in 1748 and 1763, beginning of the history of modern Germany. respectively, an edict and a rescript appeared to From the point of view of constitutional law, the combat beggary. The heyday of charity in five former lands of the GDR became constituent Germany falls at the beginning of the XX century, parts of the Federal Republic of Germany. The the coordinator of which was the "German unification of Germany did not lead to the Association of Public and Non-Governmental creation of a new state. The GDR ceased to exist Support". The new laws "On Public Assistance to as a subject of international law, and the FRG, Young People" and "On compulsory Social while continuing to exist as such, increased its security" have made it possible to unite the state, territory and population. Germany today is a municipal levels and free associations [2]. highly developed European state, a member of the" Big Seven", a member of the European In the middle of the XIX century, there was an Union. The Basic Law of the Federal Republic of experience of creating a unique non-state system CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 37 ISSN – 2767-472X https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(5): 37-41, May 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-05-11 ISSN 2767-472X ©2021 Master Journals Accepted 25th May, 2021 & Published 31th May, 2021 of individual and selfless assistance to those in Germany in 1962.At that time, the recipients of need. This system, characterized by strict order various kinds of subsidies and benefits were 500 and thoughtful organization, was introduced in thousand people, which was about 1% of the the city of Elberfeld in 1852. At its core, it population. The current objective of social contained the desire not only to provide short- assistance is to help the recipient achieve a term assistance to the needy, but also to lift them decent standard of living (which includes out of poverty, as well as to promote the moral providing food, housing, clothing, hygiene growth of both the well-off and the benefactor. products, household goods, as well as providing One of the most important principles of the them with the opportunity to participate fully in Elberfeld system was the belief that a detailed cultural life). The provision of assistance should study of the social status of each applicant for help the recipient to gain financial independence, social assistance was necessary. Management which he is obliged to promote to the best of his and coordination of assistance to the poor in ability [5]. Elberfeld was carried out by a special elected In the 70s of the XX century. in Germany, a large- body (deputation), the head of which was the scale reform of social legislation was carried out. mayor. The deputation also consisted of 4 Currently, the main law is the "Federal Law on members of the city council and 4 Social Assistance" (Bundessozialhilfegesetz), representatives chosen from citizens. The entire which regulates the rights and obligations of city was divided into 31 districts, each of which both the recipient of social assistance and the had several voluntary trustees for the poor, who social agency, as well as the types of assistance took care of 5-6 needy families. provided and the relationship of the said agency Without dwelling on the details of the Elberfeld with other agencies. Since 1975, 10 "Social Law system, we note that it was implemented in Books" (Sozialgesetzbuch) have been published, Bremen, Lübeck, Dusseldorf, Munich, Frankfurt regulating various legal situations and am Main and other cities in Germany and has procedures. It should be noted that the" shown its effectiveness everywhere [3]. By the Agreement on Unification " (Einigungsvertrag) end of the XIX century, Germany had established for the new lands (excluding Berlin) provides for a legal framework for the system o