HISTORY OF ARCHEOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES RELATED TO THE FIRST URBAN CULTURE OF THE FERGANA VALLEY

Аннотация

The article describes the emergence and development stages of the first cities in the Fergana Valley. Also, the history of archeological discoveries related to the first urban culture of the Fergana Valley is analyzed, taking into account that the scientific study and analysis of these issues can be carried out only due to archaeological research. KEYWORDS: - Central Asia, Fergana Valley, Southern Turkmenistan, Pamir-Alay, Pamir-Fergana, Chust culture, Khasan, Dalvarzin, Ashkaltepa, Khojambog, Eilaton, Markhamat. the last century and 1933-1934 B.A. Latin I NTRODUCTION distinguished four stages of the material culture of the Fergana Valley [1.134-141]. The emergence and stages of development of the first cities in the Fergana Valley, the problems of During archeological excavations during the history and culture of the first cities are construction of the Greater Fergana Canal in important issues in the history of the 1939, TG Oboldueva identified Bronze Age Motherland. Given that the scientific study and artifacts (fragments of pottery, stoneware, analysis of these issues can be carried out only bronze knives) and compared them with objects due to archaeological research, we found it of material culture in Turkmenistan (Nov I) [2.7- necessary to briefly dwell on the history of 10]. The Pamir-Alay and Pamir-Fergana archaeological discoveries related to the first archeological expeditions led by AN Bernshtam urban culture of the Fergana Valley. in 1946-1948 and 1950-1952 brought a lot of clarity to the history of the first agricultural The study of archeological monuments of the culture of the Fergana Valley and the Bronze Age Fergana Valley, the findings of the Bronze Age of steppe culture and the relations between them. the valley was known in the late XIX - early XX centuries, but they have a common feature and In 1950, M.E. Voronets and V.I. Sprishevsky do not contain information about the first cities. began to study the Bronze Age monument near Special research in this area began in the 30s of the city of Chust, and this monument was the CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 72 ISSN – 2767-472X https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(6): 72-75, June 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-06-16 ISSN 2767-472X ©2021 Master Journals Accepted 25th June, 2021 & Published 30thJune, 2021 subject of many years of research [3.53-57]. In of Chust was singled out. 1953-1961, VI Sprishevsky conducted extensive Until the 80s of the last century, VI Sprishevsky archaeological research at the Chust monument and Yu.A.Zadneprovsky researched such [4] and made many clarifications to the culture of monuments as Chust, Dalvarzin, Ashkaltepa, the Bronze Age of the valley. Khojambog. As a result of these studies, the types In the study of the early agricultural culture and of settlements and material cultural monuments history of the ancient cities of the Fergana Valley, belonging to the Chust culture were thoroughly Yu.A. The importance of Zadneprovsky's analyzed and introduced into science [8]. archeological research is incomparable. Having Archaeological excavations carried out until the conducted archeological research in the Fergana 1980s resulted in large-scale excavations in Valley for many years, this scientist summarized Dalvarzin, re-excavations in Chust, large-scale all the archeological data in the valley, drew excavations in Osh and its environs [9.25-30], the conclusions from the excavations of Eilaton and chronology of Chust culture in BC. Periods with Dalvarzin, and divided the material culture in periods from the VIII-VII centuries. In addition, these areas into three major historical stages - taking into account the local characteristics of Eilaton, Marxamat, and Khasan. In 1957, the the Chust culture, they were divided into groups. Bronze Age monuments in the valley were Also, based on material cultural artifacts found in excavated. II-I suggested counting with the the monuments of Chust culture, the peculiarities beginning of the millennium [6]. of agriculture, animal husbandry, and handicrafts of the late Bronze Age in the history of the Also, Yu.A.Zadneprovsky continued his research Fergana Valley were revealed, role and place of in the Karadarya oasis in 1958-1961, identified Chust-era defense structures in Central Asia and conducted research on the monuments of fortification. sedentary farming culture of the Late Bronze Age [7.18-20]. In 1982-1983, B.Kh. Matboboev, an employee of the Institute of Archeology of the Since the 60s of the last century Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Yu.A.Zadneprovsky, N.G. Gorbunova, V.I. Uzbekistan, conducted archeological research on Sprishevskiy, B.A. As a result of research by the monuments of Chust culture. collected new Litvinsky and other scholars, many clarifications data [10.241-245]. were made on the issues of early agricultural culture and ancient cities in the Fergana Valley, In the late 80s of the XX ce