EARLY STAGES OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE KASHKADARYA OASIS

Аннотация

The article analyzes the first stages of studying the archaeological sites of the Kashkadarya oasis from a historical point of view. Beginning in the 18th century, Europeans began to record information about the Kashkadarya oasis. Their main focus is on highlighting the lifestyle of the population, as well as information on historical monuments. In particular, in memoirs, reports and brochures, A. Burns, N. Khannykov, V.V. Bartold, N. Maev, V. Krestovsky, B. Litvinov, D. Logofet, A. Validov, I. Kastane, L. Zimin, you can get a lot of information on this topic. Despite this, the first studies were mostly brief. Most importantly, the attention of architects and art critics is focused on the history of architectural structures in Shakhrisabz, built during the reign of Amir Temur and the Temurids. However, attempts to shed light on the history of the cities of Karshi and Shakhrisabz based on written sources consisted in a collection of the first archaeological observations, historical artifacts and manuscripts. Noteworthy is the information written by N. Khannykov, V.V. Bartold, N. Mayev. Subsequent studies also made extensive use of their memoirs. B. Litvinov's information about the Kashkadarya oasis was supplemented by his drawings. According to Logofet, the history of the city of Shakhrisabz is emphasized, and archaeological excavations show that its history goes back two thousand years. D. Logofet pays great attention to the medieval history of Karshi, cites various historical sources. It is important for I.Kastana and L.Zimin to describe the archaeological monuments preserved in the vicinity of Karshi from the point of view of that period and compare them on the basis of ancient and medieval written sources. KEYWORDS: - Kashkaraya oasis, archaeology, Karshi, Shakhrisabz, European sources, orientalist, Abdullakhan, Takhta-Karacha pass, Kalai Zakhaki Moron, Shullyuk-tepa, Nakhsheb, Amir Temur, Temurids. primitive sites to the ruins of cities and I NTRODUCTION settlements, outstanding examples of architecture dating back many millennia and In the history of archeology, attention to included in the golden fund of the country's historiographic topics has increased in recent cultural heritage, many of which are years. Of course, the study of the formation of masterpieces of world culture. According to archaeological science is of particular preliminary data of scientists, today on the importance in history. archaeological map of the republic it is possible Uzbekistan is a country of the richest history and to single out more than 5 thousand monuments culture, captured in written historical sources of different eras. and in monuments of material culture - from The priority goal of studying these monuments CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 26 ISSN – 2767-472X https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(7): 26-33, July 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-07-06 ISSN 2767-472X ©2021 Master Journals Accepted 23th July, 2021 & Published 28thJuly, 2021 is, in our opinion, the reconstruction of the writes that “... Karshi, which lay 60 miles south of historical past of the peoples of Uzbekistan on Samarkand, is an oasis formed by a river flowing the basis of the study of material traces of human from the neighboring region of Shahr-Sabza and activity through systematic, purposeful field depleted from the fertilization of this district ...”. archaeological research and scientific processing Between Karshi and Oks, he notes several of the accumulated materials. separate hills, which, in his opinion, are the remains of dwellings: “The country north of Oks Along with the specific study of the region's is inhabited by shepherd tribes and not at all monuments, one of the urgent tasks for today is cultivated; but the remains of water pipes and the historiographic generalization of the studies other structures, especially between Karshi and of this region. As noted by the famous historian Bukhara, testify to a happier century in these of Central Asia B.V. Lunin, and we agree with now abandoned lands” [2]. him, historiography helps to answer the question “what was done, by whom and how, what was Thus, the books about his travels written by A. covered well enough and correctly, and what is Burns captivatingly attracted the attention of weaker, and what the researchers still have to wide readership of the countries of Western do” [1]. Europe and Russia. M In 1841-1842 yy. orientalist N.V. Khanykov spent AIN PART eight months in Bukhara, which resulted in his The study of the archaeological sites of well-known and well-deserved recognition of his Kashkadarya is part of the general study of the work dedicated to the Bukhara Emirate. He archaeological heritage of Central Asia and the described Karshi as a city consisting of three level of knowledge of the region should be parts: a citadel, an old city and a new city. He presented against the background of general gave a description