THE INFLUENCE OF THE POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE ON THE STATE OF MUSLIM CLERGY IN THE CENTRAL ASIAN STATES

Аннотация

This article highlights the changes that took place in the state of the Muslim clergy of the Central Asian region after its conquest by the Russian Empire, and also attempts to determine whether its influence on the local population remains as strong as in previous periods. The author of the article concludes that Islam in colonial Turkestan continued to remain an influential force in Muslim society, and the influence of the Muslim clergy was equally comprehensive, despite certain changes that took place in the system of Muslim education and legal proceedings. KEYWORDS: - Conquest, influence, Muslim clergy, Islam, Sharia, Muslim education, spiritual and moral education, new-method schools, spiritual elite, legal proceedings, kaziyi, waqfs, missionary work. clergy of the Central Asian region after its I NTRODUCTION conquest by the Russian Empire and to determine whether its influence on the local In the second half of the 19th century as a result population remained as comprehensive as in of the conquest of the Russian Empire, most of previous periods. the region's territory was turned into its colony - Turkestan, and a protectorate was established Analysis of research and publications on the over the Bukhara Emirate and the Khiva problem. Khanate. They retained their independence only When covering this issue, the greatest interest formally. All political and administrative power was aroused by the publications of the colonial in the Turkestan was concentrated in the hands period, since they were created by of the colonial administration. However, the new contemporaries and direct witnesses of the government could not fail to take into account events that took place. In the process of the status of the Muslim clergy in society and its implementing its policy in the region, the Russian influence on the local population, which administration should have taken into account constituted the overwhelming majority of the the specifics of the lifestyle of the local Turkestan. According to the census of the population and, of course, its deep religiosity. population of the Russian Empire in 1897, Since the religion of Islam was a powerful and Muslims accounted for 96.41% in the Syrdarya all-encompassing factor that determined all region, 99.9% in Fergana, and 97.62% in aspects of the life of the local population, it was Samarkand[1]. This article aims to reveal the first of all very important for all researchers changes that took place in the state of the Muslim studying Central Asia to have in Russian CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 10 ISSN – 2767-472X https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(8): 10-18, August 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-08-03 ISSN 2767-472X ©2021 Master Journals Accepted 15th August, 2021 & Published 20thAugust, 2021 translation the main holy book of Muslims - the impressions of the trip to Russia of the Koran, as well as Sharia law and various Samarkand merchant Mirza Bukharin Mirza production regulations. and moral precepts that Abdullin, the autobiography of the Kokand poet governed the inner life of Muslim society. A Zakirdzhan Furkat, cited by N.P. Ostroumov in major event in Russian oriental studies was the the appendix to his work “Sarty. Ethnographic publication of the Koran text in 1878 in Kazan, materials”[8]. translated into Russian from the Arabic for the No less valuable for researchers were the works first time by the famous Kazan orientalist G.S. of Central Asian authors published at that time in Sablukov. In 1894 and 1907 this edition was Russian about the earlier stages of the region's repeated, but along with the parallel Arabic text, history: Notes of Mirza Shems Bukhari about in 1991 a reprint of the text of the Koran some events in Bukhara, Kokand and Kashgar[9], published in 1907 was published. In 1893 the Legend of Khoja-Akhrar[10], “History of Commentaries of Muslim Law “Hideya” Bukhara” by Muhammad Narshakhi[11], translated from English under the editorship of “Samaria” Abu Tahir Khoja[12], “Genealogical the military governor of the Syrdarya region N.I. tree of the Turks” by Abu-Gazi-Bukhadur- Grodekov[2]. In subsequent years, “Shariah khan[13], “Kandiya Malaya” by An-Nasafi al- articles on the legal relations of the Muslim Samarkandi[14], etc. All these editions of local population of the Turkestan region, extracted primary sources represent a very important from the current Arabic exposition” on the issues section in historiography, they contributed great of marriage, inheritance, donation,[3] Collection contribution to the development of oriental of Muslim decrees on the war with infidels[4], studies. “Code of decency in the East” by Muhammad Sadyk Kashkari[5], Resolutions Muslim Among modern researchers of this problem, the legislation on equity holders[6], Risolya (guild publications of the researcher B. Babadjanov are charters) of Sart artisans[7]. of undoubted interest. His works touch upon such issue