WORKS OF FOREIGN TOURISTS VISITING CENTRAL ASIA IN THE XIX CENTURY AS A SOURCE IN THE STUDY OF REGIONAL ETHNOTOPONYMS

Аннотация

This article classifies and analyzes the ethnotoponyms of the region, which are found in “travelogues” created based on travel memoirs of foreign tourists and officials of the countries who visited Central Asia in the XIX century. We know that ethnotoponyms are place names associated with "ethnos", which reflect the composition of the population of a particular area and the socio-economic processes associated with them, as well as traditions and values. One of the most important issues of historical toponymy is the comparative analysis of ethnotoponyms based on known sources, the study of the ethnic composition of the population of the region, demographic processes and factors influencing them in terms of sourceology and historiography. In this regard, the study of place names in the khanates based on travelogues of foreign tourists visiting the Central Asian khanates, which are planned to be disclosed in the article, serves to fill in some gaps not mentioned in local sources. The main purpose of the study is to recognize the source significance of travelogues in the study of Central Asian ethnotoponyms, and by determining the weight of ethnotoponyms in them, the general purpose of travelogues is to reveal their differences and similarities and to develop the principle of classification according to certain criteria. The article used research methods such as systematic analysis, chronology, problem-chronological, as well as toponymic stratification of place names, genetic analysis, used in historical research. As a result of the research, the role of travelogues as a common source and the total weight of ethnotoponyms of Central Asia in them were shown. The classification of existing ethnotoponyms, peculiarities of their emergence, theoretical and practical aspects of the study of ethnoponyms in the socio- economic and ethnic history of the khanate was analyzed. KEYWORDS: - Travelogue, ethnos, ethnonym, ethnotoponym, ethnooykonim, ethnohydronym, ethnooronym, Uzbek seeds. that up to this time the share of foreign tourists I NTRODUCTION visiting Central Asia was relatively small, and their travelogues did not contain enough In the XIX century, the Central Asian khanates information about this mysterious country. were visited not only by Russians, but also by Therefore, during this period, many countries are European and some American tourists, whose determined to explore this part of Asia. As a memoirs and travelogues are a unique source for result, by the end of the XIX century, many works studying the place names of the khanate period, and scientific literature about this region in particular, ethnotoponyms. The reason was CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 33 ISSN – 2767-472X https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(10): 33-38, October 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-10-08 ISSN 2767-472X ©2021 Master Journals Accepted 22thOctober, 2021 & Published 27thOctober, 2021 appeared in Europe and America. aralian, kyrgyz, toorkmuns in the Khiva Khanate, as well as the Turkmen tribes such as goklan, During the 19th century, ambassadors, traders, yimoot, tekkah, attah and their regional location and missionaries traveled to Central Asia to in the Khiva Khanate. In particular, the explore the region. Below we review the genealogical scheme of the Yavmut tree travelogues of some European and American mentioned in the travelogue is of special tourists included in our scope of research. scientific value in the interpretation of O ethnotoponyms associated with this seed in BJECT AND METHODS OF RESEARCH Central Asia [2]. In this article, the memoirs, diaries, and The travelogue of Alexander Burnes, one of the published works of foreign tourists visiting European tourists visiting Central Asia, is also Central Asia in the XIX century were selected as distinguished by its richness of information. The the object of research under the general name Scottish diplomat and researcher joined the East "travelogues" and the data on their India Army at the age of 16 and studied Urdu and ethnotoponyms were analyzed. The article also Persian from Oriental languages during his years used special methods such as historical- of service. Undoubtedly, his most important chronological and comparative analysis and work is the three-volume “Travels into Bokhara”, systematic approach used in historical research, in which the author describes his impressions of as well as toponymic stratification used in a trip to Asia in 1829, 1832, and 1833 [3]. The toponymic research. play mentions the names of cities in Central Asia D such as Khiva, Orgunje, Kurshee, Bokhara, ISCUSSION AND RESULTS Samarkand. Also, the author dwells on the ethnic We know that as a result of the struggle of Russia composition of the population of the Emirate of and Great Britain for spheres of influence in Bukhara, adding that in addition to Uzbeks live in Central Asia, regular British visits to Central Asia the emirate