ГЕНДЕР КАК ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЙ ТЕРМИН

Аннотация

This article deals with the formation of the term gender, its difference from the term sex and its role and importance in the field of linguistic investigations. Moreover. Biological certain specific peculiarities of the term gender will be discussed in this article. Keywords: linguistic term, English language, gender studies. ГЕНДЕР КАК ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЙ ТЕРМИН Аннотация. В данной статье речь идет о формировании термина «гендер», его отличии от термина «пол», его роли и значении в области лингвистических исследований. Более того. В данной статье будут рассмотрены некоторые биологические особенности термина «гендер». Ключевые слова: лингвистический термин, английский язык, гендерные исследования. There have been three paradigms in the historical development of linguistics such as system- structural, comparative-typological and anthropocentric ones. The appearance of gender linguistics is a result of anthropocentric paradigm which is based on the role of human being as the user of a language. Gen- der investigations first appeared in the sixties and seventies of the twentieth century in the Western European countries and the USA. One of the founders of the discipline gender studies was R. Lakoff who is considered to be a pioneer in the field of language and gender. The author claimed that several distinctive features of women's language exist. In 1973 Lakoff published an article on language and gender which later on linguists started considering this issue as gender linguistics. According to the author there were a number of words in women's speech which are not found in men's speech. Women often sounded as they were asking questions when they were making statements, their sentences ended with rising intonation in comparison with male pronunciation, women used to ask more questions, namely tag ques-tions than men did. A tag question is a kind of polite statement which does not force agreement or belief on the addressee. A request may be in the same sense of a polite command, which does not require obedience, but rather suggests something be done as a favor to the speaker. Moreover, women often tended to use emphatic modifiers as so, very, such. According to Russian linguist E. Goroshko the term gender is taken from the Greek word «genos»> which means «origin, an heir is born». It is considered to be the object of different disciplines such as monies, social studies, history, anthropology, psychology, sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics. The problem of gender differentiation depends on the role of a certain gender in social and other branches of life. In most cases the term gender is used when dealing with intergender differentiations according to many gender theories. It is the gender that distinguishes a male from a female. So, the term gender plays an essential role in different spheres of human life. Besides that, gender is out of the main notions of contemporary gender linguistics. There are a lot of basic notions of gender studies; gender, sex, gender display, gender role, gender stereotypes, gender system and gender linguistic personality. 2 61 International scientific journal ISSN: 2181-3906 «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» 2023 VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 3 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ It goes without saying that the main problem among above mentioned notions of gender linguistics is the distinction between the terms gender and sex. Sex means a biological sex which is usually understood to be as one of the birth half, or each of the two genetically and physiologically opposite living beings, organisms. (каждый из двух генетически и физиологически противопоставленных разрядов живых существ (мужчин и женщин, самцов и самок), организмов). As for sociologists. they usually state three types of approaches in the study of existence and specific features of sex: biological, structural or role playing and symbolic foundations. Scientists of Moscow center of gender studies give the following definitions of the term gender: 1. (in general sense) the difference between men and women according to anatomy sex. 2. (Social sense) social division which usually based on anatomic sex but not always coincides with it. So, sociological use of term may differ from its use in everyday life. The term gender is understood as the relation which demonstrates belonging to a certain class, group, and category. Gender constructs the relation between one object (or a thing) and the other expressing the same class or group. According to IV. Groshev the notion of gender implies the sum of presentations or expectations connected in the society as «womanhood» and «man- hood». Genderization put a certain demarcation line in behavioral features between man and woman. As the words manhood and womanhood express a lot of connotational meanings they can be used in different spheres of human life whereas their equivalents feminine and masculine are considered to be terms specific for certain field of study, for instance in linguistics which means either