THE ROLE OF NUTRITION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATHLETES' ABILITY

Аннотация

This article discusses the nutritional components necessary for the athlete, the main components of food, the role of protein in the biochemical functions of the athlete, the role of nutrition in energy supply of muscle activity, the diet of athletes in basic training, opinions on nutritional characteristics in the pre-competition stage. KEYWORDS:- Nutrition, metabolism, energy, proteins, amino acids, vitamins, minerals. different stages of the annual training and I NTRODUCTION competition cycle. The purpose of creating specific rations, menus, or developing a specific Nutrition is a key factor in ensuring the growth diet is, first and foremost, to achieve maximum and development of the athlete's body, consistency between the possible effects of the increasing his ability to work and adapting to the diet on the athlete’s body and the tasks set by the environment. Nutrition has a big impact on an coach for that period. If there is specific athlete's performance. biochemical and physiological data on the The question arises as to what should be the metabolism and condition of the athlete's body, basis for determining the quantity, composition the climatic and geographical conditions of and quality of food in the development of a training and competition, when performing rational diet for athletes. The answer is to nervous and mental stress, physical activity of compare an athlete's need for nutrients with the varying duration and intensity , anthropometric chemical composition of the food. and other individual characteristics. The basic ingredients of food for 16-year-olds Given the importance of proteins in living nature, and older include 10 amino acids, 14 minerals as well as the fact that proteins make up half of and 13 vitamins. However, these figures are not the mass of living organisms and have a number final and may change with the accumulation of of remarkable properties, understanding the theoretical and practical data in the field of structure and function of proteins, is the basis for rational nutrition. solving important nutritional problems. Proteins perform a wide variety of functions that are Rationalizing the nutrition of athletes requires unique to an athlete's body. In 1938, the Swedish addressing issues such as organizing it at chemist I.Ya. Berselius separated nitrogen-fixing CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGICSISSN 86 – 2767-3278 https://masterjournals.com/index.php/crjp CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGICS 2(10): 86-90, October 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/pedagogics-crjp-02-10-16 ISSN 2767-3278 ©2021 Master Journals Accepted 26thOctober, 2021 & Published 31thOctober, 2021 organic compounds from plant and animal bind to the antigens and neutralize them. tissues and called them proteins (Greek protos - Plasma fibrinogen and thrombin proteins are primary, meaning important). In the modern involved in blood clotting, preventing the medical literature, high-molecular compounds body from losing blood in the event of that store nitrogen are called proteins. various injuries. Protein performs the following biochemical 7. Base function. It is made up of skin, bones, functions in the human body: nails, hair, joints, and proteins, and acts as a base for the Athlete's body. 1. Structural function - all tissues, cells and organelles are made up of protein. Here, 8. Management function. Some control fibrils play an important role in proteins substances, hormones, are proteins. For (collagen, keratin, elastin, etc.). example, the hormone insulin, a highly biologically active substance, is involved in 2. Catalytic function - biocatalysts in the body - the regulation of metabolism. enzymes have a protein nature and control the occurrence of all biochemical reactions, 9. Hereditary function. The chromosomes that that is, allow the rate of reactions to proceed store genetic information are complex and be controlled in a certain order. proteins made up of nucleoproteins 3. Energy function - proteins are broken down One of the most important rules for determining in the gastrointestinal tract and absorbed in the anabolic effect of food protein is the ratio of the form of simple amino acids. Some of the essential amino acids in it. The nutritional value amino acids are oxidized to produce energy. of proteins also depends on the enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract, which are present in large 4. Transportation function. Proteins are highly quantities and accelerate the breakdown of all soluble in water and blood, and form a proteins into free amino acids. complex with insoluble substances in water and blood, ensuring their solubility and The nutritional properties of proteins are usually transport. For example, plasma protein determined by chemical and biological values. To albumin transports fatty acids, lipids, and do this, the protein is completely hydrolyzed, its other proteins such as iron, copper, vitamins, amino acid content is determined and compared and hormones to target organs. with a s