Pedagogical description of the development of creativity and spatial imagination of the students of the subject “Construction drawing” using graphic programs

Аннотация

The course of project drawing, at Tashkent Architectural and Construction In- stitute is aimed at the formation of the graphic culture of students, as well as the creative potential of the individual. A lot of effective work in this area, especially in the teaching design drawing is achieved through the use of modern graphic software. Among graphic programs, in particular in the field of architecture, ArchiCAD is the best in the opinion of professionals. This program illustrates most effectively students, three-dimensional draw- ings for understanding architectural projects. This is necessary for students to fully under- stand the specifics of their profession. Keywords: graphic education, design drawing, graphic applications, graphics, informa- tion and communication, spatial imagination, architecture, drawing, didactics, engineering graphics. In the history of mankind, the emergence and rapid development of information and communication technologies, which allow remembering, store, transfer, and change information, led to the creation of a new educational paradigm of the 21st century – information culture. At the same time, these processes, in turn, increase the possibility of student’s cognitive activity and the role of the pedagogue chang- es. It is not only a source of scientific knowledge for students, but also a “looseman” in the sea of information, helping to select the necessary information, understand it logically, and effectively use it in professional activities that meet the principles of competence of modern education. Computer graphics tools have fundamentally changed the approach to teaching methods: visualization of invisible processes and phenomena, such as magnetic and electric fields, chemical reactions, etc., allows them to improve their observation and understanding. STARS International University 329 Scientific research on the problem of using graphic programs (ArchiCAD) in construction drawing and analysis of other scientific and methodical sources re- vealed that a scientifically based integrated pedagogical system of using graphic programs based on the principles of didactic logic and continuity has not been specially implemented. In some works, a number of recommendations on the use of graphic programs AutoCAD in construction drawing are given. To date, the use of this program in the field of construction drawing is not considered an effective tool. It can be recognized that there are a number of factors as the main reasons for this. Including: – AutoCAD software is mainly suitable for two-dimensional drawings; – two-dimensional drawings are made separately (2D and 3D state of the object) in the AutoCAD program; – it will be difficult for all students to understand the drawings drawn separately; – to change ready-made standard symbols in the AutoCAD program, access to its functional commands is required; – a number of standard conditional symbols in AutoCAD is very few and they are also limited. Within graphics programs, many programs have functions that allow you to draw both 2D drawing and 3D model views at the same time. But most graphics pro- grams include the standards of the countries they were created in. But while some of them can be changed, some cannot. This situation causes some inconvenience. Among the BIM programs, there are programs that are designed specifically for the construction industry. These are ArchiCAD, Revit, Lira, Grasscoper, and oth- ers. Among these programs, the ArchiCAD graphic program is the most conve- nient for explaining topics in construction drawing. This is based on the following factors: – ArchiCAD graphic software can work even on computers with limited technical capabilities; – easy operation of the ArchiCAD program (works the same in 2D and 3D drawings); – creation of both 2D drawing and 3D view in the ArchiCAD program; – connection of commands on the command panel to the construction area; – parameters of conditional symbols can be easily changed; – availability of the function of changing ready-made 3D models in 2D state; – automatic execution of simple and complex cuts; – availability of easy connection of models taken from other places to the stan- dard library and the possibility to change their parameters like the standard; – possibility of gathering ready documents into one project album. It became clear from the analysis that insufficient work was done on the devel- opment of students’ spatial imagination based on the technologies of computer graphics programs, which was shown in scientific research and analysis. In the pro- cess of teaching the subject of “Construction drawing”, a scientifically based meth- odology has not been developed for the use of a multimedia electronic textbook created taking into account the capabilities of graphic programs. After all, method- ological support is important in organizing the educational process. In higher educational institutions where the science of construction drawing is taught, it is pos