A LOOK AT RUSSIAN MUSICAL CULTURE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY

Аннотация

This article tells about the activities of Russian composers in the second half of the XIX century, the creative life of Russian music, the work of composers of these years.In the first half of the 19th century, the role of the Russian classical school proved to be important in countries other than Russia.In the second half of the nineteenth century, Russian music became one of the most advanced forms of musical art that determined the further development of European musical art. KEYWORDS:- Art, culture, theater, music, opera, conductor, composer. performed works by Russian composers and I NTRODUCTION gave Russian artists the opportunity to participate in concerts. The second half of the 19th century was an important period for Russian art and cultural life. In 1862 the first Russian conservatory was The month of February 1861 led to a reform that opened in St. Petersburg. Its director was the limited legal law, leaving no art form out of the famous pianist Anton Grigorevich Rubinstein. In free thought of the people. The 60s were a 1866, the Moscow Conservatory was opened, flourishing period of clear ideas, fine arts, and the brother of its director, Anton theater, Russian literature. Grigorevich, was appointed Nikolai Grigorevich Rubinstein, a highly educated musician, pianist, There have been many changes in the life of conductor, and educator. In 1862, the Balakirev Russian music, and music has gained many wide- Movement opened a free music school. ranging fans. In 1859 in St. Petersburg, in 1860 in Moscow the organizing committee of Russian Composers who were members of the Balakirev music (RMS-Russian music society) was circle and Tchaikovsky's work played a key role established. The concerts organized by the in the creative life of Russian music. This group Organizing Committee of Russian Music of five composers in creative friendship is called CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGICSISSN 24 – 2767-3278 https://masterjournals.com/index.php/crjp CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGICS 2(11): 24-31, November 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/pedagogics-crjp-02-11-08 ISSN 2767-3278 ©2021 Master Journals Accepted 25thNovember, 2021 & Published 30thNovember, 2021 the “mighty gang”. Its members were Miliy associations of the period: the "Circle of Nomadic Alekseevich Balakirev, Caesar Kyui, Modest Artists" ("Tovarishchestvo peredvijnyx Petrovich Musorgsky, Alexander Pofirevich vystavok") as a circle of writers united around Borodin, Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov. the magazine "Sovremennik" ("Contemporary"). Their relationship was not only due to the unity The creative individualities of the composers of and friendship in music lessons, but also to their the “mighty gang” were united by one goal, common musical views, goals and objectives. despite their diversity. The continuation of the They were all in contact with Dargomyjsky. VV work started by Glinka was infinitely connected Stasov was the one who led and inspired the with folk art. They studied folk songs very well.At members of the "mighty gang".He is a very the same time, Russian opera was emerging as an humble, interesting, infinitely enthusiastic, innovator in the development of symphonic and highly educated person. Stasov was a music chamber music, looking for ways to use and critic, art historian, historian, assistant and enrich the methods of brilliant demonstration of friend of many composers and artists, and he the new musical language. was considered a man with a high level of ability, such as all the advances at first sight and Members of the gang and Tchaikovsky's attitude foresight. to common folk songs in aesthetics and the development of Russian professional music Stasov was ideologically close to the views of played an important role in folk art: Balakirev, Belinsky and the Revolutionary Democrats. Rimsky-Korsakov, Tchaikovsky were the authors Stasov is of great importance in the national art of collections of folk songs. in the struggle for the people. Stasov lived a long life and was in touch with different generations In the 60s and 70s, immortal works such as of Russian musicians. The late nineteenth and Mussorgsky's "Boris Godunov" and early twentieth centuries opposed modernist "Khovanshina", Borodin's "Prince Igor", Rimsky- currents. However, several progressive works of Korsakov's "Pskovityanka", Tchaikovsky's Russian music, such as Tchaikovsky’s work and "Eugene Onegin", four symphonies, Borodin's 1-2 his national character, were incomprehensible to symphonies were created. The creation of Stasov. The musical creativity of composers such Tchaikovsky's ballet Lebedinoe ozero (Swan as Serov and Tchaikovsky is associated with folk Lake) in 1876 marked the beginning of the songs, primarily Russian songs, as well as classical period of Russian ballet. Ukrainian and other national songs.It has gone In the 70's, the classical stage began in the through several stages in the development of the concert genre. In 1874 Tchaikovsky wrot