PECULIARITIES OF LEARNING ACTIVITIES OF STUDENTS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES

Аннотация

The article is devoted to the study of the features of the educational activity of students with intellectual disabilities. KEYWORDS:- Dynamics of activity, educational motivation, motivation-need sphere, social motives. I T NTRODUCTION HE MAIN RESULTS AND FINDINGS A mentally retarded student does not act in The creation of conditions for the development accordance with a set goal (when performing a and formation of motives during the period of difficult task), but is guided by his own, study in elementary school, giving the child's peculiarly conscious task. When completing the further educational activities a meaningful assignment on his own, he does not take into meaning for him, is extremely necessary. Lack of account all the data and requirements. As a educational motivation is an indicator of the result, the task is replaced by another, similar, child's non-involvement in the educational but less complex one. In the process of activity, process. To organize constructive work on the mentally retarded children not only perceive the formation and development of educational surrounding reality in a peculiar way, think and motivation in a younger student with remember, but are also guided by other motives developmental problems, it is important for a and goals than their normal peers. teacher to know: In the activity of a mentally retarded student, the - General trends in the age-related features of his personality are manifested. The development of a student; goals and motives by which he is guided in the - Individual characteristics of the student; process of activity, the dynamics of activity - all this reflects the characteristic features of his The motivational sphere of a mentally retarded personality. child, as in the norm, is formed in activity. The CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGICSISSN 138 – 2767-3278 https://masterjournals.com/index.php/crjp CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGICS 2(11): 138-142, November 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/pedagogics-crjp-02-11-26 ISSN 2767-3278 ©2021 Master Journals Accepted 25thNovember, 2021 & Published 30thNovember, 2021 peculiarity of the personality of a mentally students, their underdeveloped cognitive retarded child is in close connection with the activity, weak manifestation and short duration peculiarities of his activity, in which the of motives for activity, limited and unstable personality is formed. These features are due not motives of activity, insufficient formation of only to the low intellectual level of this category social needs. The immaturity of the motivational of children, but also to deviations in the structure sphere of mentally retarded schoolchildren is and motivation of its activity. Much of what a revealed in the fact that motives are formally normally developing child independently assimilated by them, becoming their own acquires in preschool age, the mentally retarded motives and aspirations. As this category of receives later and only in the process of special children learns and develops, the motives of their education. [3] activities become more differentiated, long- lasting, and effective. The nature of the It has been established that mentally retarded motivation of their actions changes and becomes primary schoolchildren are not always able to more complicated. subordinate individual actions to the tasks assigned to them, they are not able to The motives that motivate them have a great comprehend them completely and outline a influence on the activity of mentally retarded general plan for implementation. There are schoolchildren. Data on the peculiar performance violations of the purposefulness of activity, of the task by schoolchildren with intellectual which are manifested in this category of children disabilities testify to the peculiarities of the in the wrong orientation in the task, in the wrong motivational sphere of these children. Depending planning of its implementation, in an inadequate on the nature of the tasks facing the students, attitude to the difficulties encountered and in the they distinguish between distant and close absence of criticality to the results obtained. motivation. The range of motivation has a significant impact on the nature of the actions Many authors note that the motivational-need performed, on the child's attitude to the sphere occupies an essential place in the complex difficulties encountered and the results obtained structure of the emerging personality of the [2]. child. However, this process in a mentally retarded child is carried out on a defective basis, When performing just a variety of activities, under conditions of limited damage to the central mentally retarded students have a rapid nervous system that arose in the early, pre- depletion of impulses, the so-called "mental speech period of life. Disorders of the most satiety." Along with this, the research of important brain structures have a multifaceted psychologists reflected a positive trend effect on the child, in part