Литература времени Мирзо Улугбека в интерпретациях Алишера Навои

Аннотация

The article is devoted to the analysis of the views of the great Uzbek poet and thinker Alisher Navoi on the literature of the reign of Mirzo Ulughbek, encyclopedic scholar, the Temurids’ ruler. The author studied the ideas and interpretations on this theme in the works of Navoi on the basis of the following classification: 1) the praising of Mirzo Ulughbek in the works of the great poet; 2) The literary environment that emerged during the period of Mirzo Ulughbek and the attitude to its representatives’ work; 3) the development of literary and aesthetic thinking during the time of this ruler. In the concluding section of Alisher Navoi's epic poem "Farhod and Shirin" and in "Majolis un-nafois" (“Tender meetings”) Mirzo Ulughbek is described and praised as a unique hafiz who memorized and learned the Holy Qur'an with seven recitations, a great astronomer who wrote "Ziji jadidi Koragoniy", as well as he was referred to as a poet with a great taste. In the example of Abdullatif Mirzo it was illustrated that Mirzo Ulughbek's natural inclination towards poetry was passed on to his children too. In addition, the author of the article used information from Abdurazzoq Samarkandi's "Matla'i sadayn va majmai bahrain" and Davlatshah Samarkandi's "Tazkirat ush-shuaro" to prove his views. It has been scientifically proven that the information in these sources is valuable in terms of supplementing the views of Alisher Navoi provided in the "Majolis un-nafois" and enriching it with new facts and evidences. In turn, the views in the monographs of V.V Bartold "Ulughbek and his time", Ergash Rustamov’s "Uzbek poetry of the first half of the XV century" were analyzed too. Key words: literature, literary environment, poetry, poet, tazkira, qasida, artistic-aesthetic thinking, scientific analysis Literature of Mirzo Ulughbek’s Time in Alisher Navoi’s Interpretations / 77 1. Introduction The works of the great poet and thinker Alisher Navoi, who raised the development of Turkish classical poetry to unprecedented heights and raised the national artistic and aesthetic thinking onto a global scale, provided unique information about the masterpieces of literature during the Timurids’ period. In particular, during the reign of the great writer Muhammad Taragay Ulughbek (1394–1449) in Movarounnahr, there were written valuable works about the development of not only mathematics, astronomy, history, but also literature and literary studies. Although a number of researches have been undertaken on the literature of Alisher Navoi and the Timurids’ period, this scientific problem has not been fully discovered yet. In the treatise "Majolis un-nafois" and other works of the great thinker, there is valuable information, especially about the literature of Mirzo Ulughbek and his time. To systematize this information and conduct scientific research in this field is one of the urgent tasks encountering the study of Navoi’s works. The ideas and interpretations on this topic in the works of Hazrat Alisher Navoi can be studied on the basis of the following classifications: 1) the character of Mirzo Ulughbek in the works of the great poet; 2) the literary environment that emerged in his time and the attitude towards the work by representatives of this environment; and 3) the development of literary and aesthetic thinking during the time of this ruler. It is important that the study of this topic produces new scientific conclusions about the literature of the period of Mirzo Ulughbek and the development of literary and aesthetic thinking in his time, as well as the study of scientific and creative views of Alisher Navoi. 2. Description of Mirzo Ulughbek in the Works of Alisher Navoi At the end of his work "Farhod and Shirin," while writing his advice for Shah Gharib Mirzo, the son of Sultan Hussayn Boykaro, Hazrat Alisher Navoi, wishing him to follow the example of the great Timurids’ ruler Mirzo Ulughbek, focused on the following: Sultan Ulughbek – Turkhan’s grandsone – 78 / The Journal of Eurasian Turkic Studies, VOL. 6 Like him the world has not seen anyone. Many of his equals had left this world They are never remembered in a word, But to science he had found such a way. That the sky came down to his eyes, pray, The observatory he built is world’s beauty, See, within the world there is another sky. Having learned the astronomy science so much, That he had written “Ziji Kuragoni” as such. Those who are born till doomsday Would write following all his way (Navoi, 2011 (6): 719). The great poet wrote that the world had never seen a sultan like Mirzo Ulughbek, that all his "contemporary equals" - his peers, equals- have passed away, and the people of the period would not remember any of them. Unlike his peers, thanks to mastering of science and knowledge even the sky seemed to come down lower before Ulughbek's eyes. The observatory he built presents the "beauty of the world." It can even be called another heaven within the sky. “Ziji Jadidi Koragoniy”