FROM THE HISTORY OF UYGHUR MIGRATION TO THE TERRITORIES OF THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF TURKESTAN

Аннотация

Uzbekistan has long been a region of active migration. The peoples of East Turkestan also came here for various reasons and have always been under the influence of the ethnic processes taking place here. KEYWORDS: - Economic reasons, Great Silk Road, Kashgar, Uyghurs, Yorkent, Dolon, Saray, Choja, Kashgar, Kashkarmahalla, Janjal, Turamtopi, Topsariq, Ortish. reasons, migration processes between them I NTRODUCTION continued uninterrupted. During the Turkish Khanate and the Karakhanid After the conquest of Central Asia by the Russian period, the territories inhabited by the Uzbek Empire, the Governor-General of Turkestan was and Uyghur peoples were part of a single state, established. The migration of Uyghurs to Central and the development of the Great Silk Road Asia did not stop during the rule of the Governor- further intensified these relations. The processes General of Turkestan, but rather due to the of ethnic intermingling between two fraternal complex socio-economic and political situation in peoples, representing a common language, a East Turkestan. From the first days of the common religion, and a common culture, have establishment of the colonial system in the been evolving since ancient times. The first country, the conclusion of bilateral trade reason why the Uyghurs have lived in Central agreements with the East Turkestan and the Asia since ancient times is the trade relations establishment of active trade and economic along the Great Silk Road, and the second is that cooperation sought to revive trade and monetary the Uyghurs are a combination of Turkic tribes relations in the region and develop economic ties living in vast areas from Mongolia to the east, with the local population. Lake Balkhash in the west, and the Himalayas in T the south. Due to this, for political and economic HE MAIN FINDINGS AND RESULTS CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 25 ISSN – 2767-472X https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(11): 25-31, November 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-11-07 ISSN 2767-472X ©2021 Master Journals Accepted 20thNovember, 2021 & Published 25thNovember, 2021 The migration of the Uyghurs to Central Asia as a political turmoil and economic crisis, mass separate group began in the 17th century. migration to the Fergana Valley began. Because Because these migrations were mass migrations, they named themselves after their previous the migration of people from one region to settlements, the people of Kokand Khanate called another, who formed their identity as an ethnic them “Kashgarlik”, “Yorkentlik”, “Turfonlik” or group in the regions of East Turkestan. In the “mountain”, “agacha”, “povon”. migrations after this period, many of the signs Another mass exodus of the Uyghurs took place characteristic of the migrations that formed the in 1848-1860 during the “Seven Khojas” revolt in diaspora are striking. East Turkestan, led by Kattakhantora. In 1848, an In the middle of the 17th century, Uyghurs army of 30,000 men from the Manchu-Chinese migrated to modern Uzbekistan. Religious Empire invaded Kashgar. 20,000 people fled the tensions between the two mystical “white Chinese army and came to the Fergana Valley. mountains” and “black mountains” in East After the uprising led by Valikhantora in 1858, Turkestan escalate (The terms “blackness” and another thousand Uyghurs moved to the Fergana “white mountain” are directly related to the Valley[2]. names of the sons of Mahmud Azam Kasani The next stage of ethnodemographic processes in (1463-1542), one of the Bukhara sayyids in the the Fergana Valley and East Turkestan began in early 16th century. Imam Kalon and Ishaq Wali, the third quarter of the XIX century. In 1864, the sons of Khoja Mahdumi Azam, formed their Yakubbek united the whole of East Turkestan own mystical directions after the death of their and formed the “Ettishahar State” (1864-1877). father and began to gather disciples separately. With this state, the Governor-General of One of his sons, Imam Kalon, was called “white Turkestan, von Kaufmann, sent an ambassadorial mountain” with the idea of “Ishqiya”, and his mission to East Turkestan in April 1875, led by other son, Ishaq Wali, was called “black Colonel Reintal. Zayd Ahunov, Badavlat’s mountain” with the idea “Ishqiya”. As the famous ambassador to Tashkent in April, will return to scientist Ch. Valikhanov noted in his memoirs, in Kashgar. practice there was no difference between the teachings of these two groups. (Kuldashev Sh. On After the dissolution of the Kokand Khanate in some aspects of traditional ethno-demographic February 1876, Skobelev, the military governor- processes in the Fergana Valley and East general of Fergana, put forward the idea of Turkestan // Materials of the IV Republican establishing a military base in the border areas, scientific-theoretical conference on current believing that the occupation of the region would issues of Uzbek ethnology in the series “Readings