ARCHAEOLOGICAL WORKS AND RESEARCHES BY G.V.GRIGORIEV AND A.I.TERENOZHKIN IN THE TERRITORY OF SAMARKAND SOGD IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE XX CENTURY

Аннотация

The author of the article claims that archaeological research and scientific research were carried out in Central Asia in the first half of the twentieth century, including the archaeological study of the Samarkand Sogd by G.V.Grigoriev and A.I.Terenozhkin. The article presents material on the directions of development of archaeological science in Uzbekistan and in Samarkand Sogd on the example of the work of prominent scientists and specialists who carried out archaeological excavations in the first half of the twentieth century. It also reveals the origins of the addition of archaeological research methodology at the stages of the formation and development of archeology. The author notes large archaeological expeditions and their achievements during the period under study. However, in addition to the merits and achievements in scientific theoretical and practical research, errors, lack of personnel, experience and methods for conducting archaeological excavations and research are shown. KEYWORDS: - Uzbekistan, Samarkand Sogd, G.V. Grigoriev, A.I. Terenozhkin, archeology, archaeologists, history, ancient, historical sources, archaeological excavations, archaeological finds, archaeological methods, archaeological research, archaeological expedition, stratigraphy, periodization. been preserved in the foothills. All the above- I NTRODUCTION mentioned archaeological sites, being a cultural heritage, are included in the golden fund of the Uzbekistan is a country of ancient civilization historical past of the peoples of Uzbekistan. The and rich culture, captured in written sources and Republic of Uzbekistan pays great attention to monuments of material culture, testifying to the the study of its historical heritage. original and centuries-old history. On the territory of Uzbekistan, Sogd-Sogdiana is Sogd, located in the center of the Central Asian exceptionally distinguished, mentioned in the interfluve and an important historical and oldest parts of the Avesta as Gava Suguda, and in cultural region, played an essential role in the written sources of Alexander the Great's forming and developing transcontinental trade campaigns in Sogdiana, with the capital city of routes. One of the earliest agricultural cultures Marakand. On the territory of Samarkand Sogd, arose here, enriched thanks to close ties with the there are more than 3,000 monuments, which steppe tribes in vast areas, ranging from the Syr were the ruins of cities, settlements, fortresses, Darya and Aral steppes to the Urals in the north castles of the agricultural population, and and Altai in the northeast. numerous burial mounds of nomadic pastoralists CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 39 ISSN – 2767-472X https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(11): 39-47, November 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-11-09 ISSN 2767-472X ©2021 Master Journals Accepted 21thNovember, 2021 & Published 26thNovember, 2021 ]Literature review throughout Central Asia. A separate archaeological expedition was organized to study Considering the degree of study of the topic, it is the settlement of Penjikent. The Samarkand necessary first to dwell on the works of such archaeological base is being created almost in authors as Grigoriev G.V. [5]; [6]; [7], Masson parallel, the head of which is A.I. Terenozhkin. M.E. [14]; [15], Askarov A.A. [4], Isamiddinov However, the minimal means for conducting M.Kh. [8]; [9]; [10], Kabanov S.K. [11]; [12], archaeological excavations did not allow it to which provide data on the emergence of irrigated carry out systematic excavations on a large scale. agriculture in the vicinity of Samarkand, As a result, A.I. Terenozhkin, on his own, cleared presented materials on the periodization and various precipices and gullies on the Afrasiab origins of urban culture, considered the settlement, and having collected the necessary stratigraphy of Afrasiab, showed archaeological material, he was able to draw up a periodization research and excavations of the monuments of of the history and culture of Samarkand. Samarkand Sogd. In the works of O.V. Obelchenko [18]; [19]; [20]; [21]; [22], devoted The archaeological science of Central Asia as a to the archaeological research and excavation of whole and the Samarkand Sogd of the 30-40s of the monuments of Afrasiab, the issues of specific the twentieth century was enriched thanks to the historical periods in the history of ancient works of an outstanding scientist - a native of the Samarkand are considered, the interaction of Leningrad school of orientalists G.V.Grigoriev. cultural traditions in the context of the direct Before the archaeological works of G.V.Grigoriev, influence of the geographical environment on the carried out in the Tashkent region, there were no lifestyle of the population is shown. In the works other stratigraphic excavations in almost all of of Filanovich M.I. [29]; [30], Shishkina V.A. [32], Central Asia. There was no such work