WORLD WAR I AND TURKESTAN: SOME INFORMATION ABOUT CAPTURED TURKISH SOLDIERS

Аннотация

The Turkish soldiers captured by Tsarist Russia in the First World War, like the people of Turkestan, were mobilized to work in the rear. There will be a brotherhood between them and the workers from Turkestan. When the war ended, the captured Turkish soldiers tried to return to their homeland from Russia via Central Asia. Among the captured Turkish soldiers were many intellectuals, some of whom came to Central Asia. They teach in schools and madrassas in Tashkent, Fergana, Andijan, Samarkand, Khiva and Bukhara. KEYWORDS: - Usuli Jadid, First World War, Tashkent, Fergana, Andijan, Samarkand, Khiva and Bukhara. I The ideological influence that came to Central NTRODUCTION Asia from Turkey in the late 19th century was While getting acquainted with the documents in widespread among intellectuals in the early 20th the Central State Archive of Cinematography of century. The influence of socio-political, cultural the Republic of Uzbekistan, a historical photo and ideological ideas and movements in Turkey caught our attention. It read, “Turkish soldiers on the emergence and development of Jadidism captured by Tsarist Russia during World War I.” in Turkestan was strong. Influenced by the In our opinion, this photo was taken in positive reforms being carried out by Turkish Turkestan. We were very interested in their intellectuals studying in Turkey, the advanced personalities, the situation in the country, their European way of life, technical progress, culture, future. Unfortunately, very little is known about and enlightenment, they envied it and tried to them in the available literature and sources. make similar changes in their homeland [1]. It Perhaps enough information can be found in should be noted that their experiments were not Turkey. Although we were not able to identify mechanically copied by the Turkestan Jadids. the captured Turkish soldiers in the photo, we At the beginning of the 20th century, literature decided to write about them using the available published in Crimea, Kazan and Istanbul, one of information. Perhaps in this photo you can meet the centers of enlightenment of the Turkic world, some of the captured Turkish soldiers whose was widely spread in Turkestan. Branches of names are given below. social organizations such as the Istanbul-based CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 58 ISSN – 2767-472X https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(11): 58-62, November 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-11-12 ISSN 2767-472X ©2021 Master Journals Accepted 25thNovember, 2021 & Published 30thNovember, 2021 “Charity Society” and “publishing” companies captured by the Tsarist Russian army, and sent have been set up in Turkestan. During this to a camp in Krasnoyarsk. He escaped from the period, “Usuli Jadid” schools became widespread camp and came to Turkestan, where he taught in Turkestan. for several years [6]. In his Memoirs, he provides important information about the political In the early twentieth century, the peoples of situation in Turkestan in 1918-1923 and his life Central Asia were closely watching the political in the country. changes in Turkish society. These changes in Turkey have been discussed in Bukhara, even in Roji Chakirouz came to Tashkent in early 1918. markets and caravanserais [3]. When he arrived in Tashkent, he found and met the addresses of fellow Turkish soldiers Ziyobey, T HE MAIN FINDINGS AND RESULTS artilleryman Haydar Shavkiy, captain Golibbey, captain Shukri, Suleyman Somi, assubay (junior During the First World War, the Jadids in soldier) Sayyid Ahrori. Turkestan did not hide their kindness to the Turks and did not stop providing material and According to Roji Chakirouz, Haydar Shavkiy moral support to Turkey. Documents of the worked in Tashkent at the 1st “Namuna”, Captain Turkestan Regional Department of Defense state Galibbey at the 6th “Turon”, Captain Shukribey at that large-scale fundraising for Turkey is taking the 2nd “Mukhtoriyat”, Sayid Ahrori at the 10th place in Turkestan [4]. Irfon, and Said Jamal Farobi at the Bukhara Music School. In his Memoirs, Roji Chakirouz mentions “Sadoyi Turkiston” and “Vaqt” newspapers the names of some of the captured Turkish regularly reported on the course of the First soldiers. He writes that he saw his friend World War. In these press pages, one could read Mehmet Agustosli, who escaped from the camp, articles about Turkish soldiers fighting valiantly. at the Turkish embassy in Tbilisi. The battles on the Caucasus front in 1914-1917 According to Roji Chakirouz, his friend brought failures to Turkey. About 8,000 Turkish Mehmedbey was in a coma. As soon as he was soldiers will be captured by Russian troops in the discharged from the hospital, we tried to battle of Erzurum [5]. continue on our way, but the news that the Turkish soldiers captured by Tsarist Russia in Ashgabat road was closed stopped us.”[7] As a World War I, like the people of Turkestan, were result, he worked as a