ETHNIC PROCESSES IN KHIVA AND ITS NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES IN "SHAJARAII TURKISH" BY ABULGAZI BAHODIRKHAN

Аннотация

The article provides a brief overview of the socio-political, economic and cultural life of Khiva and neighboring regions in the Middle Ages, coverage of ethnic processes in the work of Abulgazi Bakhodirkhan "Shajaray Turkish". KEYWORDS: - Political situation, ethnic composition, ethnogenesis, "Tupa", tribe, clan, people, nation, kungirat, socio-political, economic, cultural. K.Shoniyazov, who analysed deeply the I NTRODUCTION ethnogenesis of the Uzbek people, said that "as for the Khorezmians, although they are a branch The peoples of Central Asia have been in ethnic, of the Iranian “Family Tree” and a stream of the economic and cultural relationship constantly Iranian river, they follow the Sogdians in and have become interfered with each other for determining the beginning of the year and where many centuries. The interaction of the Iranian to put extra days [1]." He concluded his idea like speaking population with the semi-nomadic this: "Even though the Khorezmians are close to population of the steppes surrounding the region the Iranians, it is wrong to think of them as the is considered the main driver of the ethnic pure Iranians. the Khorezmians had their own history and the ethnic processes of the Khorezm language, script, name and consciousness in the population that have developed in its territory early Middle Ages [2]. since ancient period. T The great medieval encyclopedic scholar Abu HE MAIN FINDINGS AND RESULTS Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad Beruni (973- During the XIV-XVIII centuries, the political 1048) also noted that the language of the situation in Khorezm was complicated, and the Khorezmians was close to the language of the conflicts that took place affected the ethnic Iranians and the people of Sogdia. Academician composition, location and number of the CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 17 ISSN – 2767-472X https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(12): 17-19, December 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-12-04 ISSN 2767-472X ©2021 Master Journals Accepted 15thDecember, 2021 & Published 20thDecember, 2021 country's population. During the XIV-XVI Nayman, the Bell-Qiyat, the Nukus-Mangit, and centuries a certain part of the population of the Kangli-Kipchak. Along with Uzbek tribes, the Khorezm was moved to Movarounnahr. In work “Firdavs ul-Ikbal” also provides particular, during his last expedition to Khorezm ethnographic materials about Turkmen tribes - (1388) Amir Temur captured the city of Urgench Ersari, Salur, Khurasansaluri, Soruk, Taka, and moved the majority of the city's population Yovmut, Hasan Eli, Ali Eli, Hizr Eli, Goklan, (mainly artisans) to Samarkand. Most of them Tevachi [5]. are located in the middle and lower parts of According to Abulgazi Bahodirkhan in “Shajarai Zarafshan valley. Shoniyozov explains that in the Turk”, the original word (Mongol) is “Mungul”. late 19th and early 20th centuries, groups known Gradually, it began to be said as “Mongols” cause as "urganji" met in these areas [2]. According to of common people couldn’t pronounce it as Abulgazi Bahodirkhan (1603-1663), khan of Mungul. All Turks know the meaning of the word Khiva Ubaydullah (1533-1539), one of the “Mung”, it means “sorrow, sad”. Its meaning is Shaybanids, "conquered Urgench and brought its “simplehearted sorrow”; "Kipchak - Tan (Don) people to Movarounnahr [3]." and Itil (Volga) and Yayik (Ural), which sit It should be noted that in the study of the socio- between these waters"; "They were sitting economic life of Khorezm in the XVI-XVII together with a troubled Turkmen," he said. centuries, the work by Khorezm historians Munis Issyk-Kul and Chu and Talosh after landing in the and Ogahi "Firdavs ul-Ikbal" on the migration of Turkmen province; they settled for many years the population is also important. Essential on the banks of these waters, he married a girl information about the Urgench and Khiva named Turkan who was the daughter of one of peoples who were moved to Bukhara by the sons of Tekashkhan (reigned 1172-1200) Ubaydullah in 945/1538 and Abdullakhan II from the kings of Urgench. Sultan Muhammad Shaibani in 1002 / 1593-1594 was given in that Khorezmshah (reigned 1200-1220) was born work as well [4]. from that marriage. The next example: “After the death of Toktogukhan (khan of the Golden It is described that during the reign of Khiva Horde, who ruled from 1290 to 1312), khan Isfandiyarkhan (1623-1645) a large part of Uzbekkhan (1312-1342) became khan at the age the population fled to Bukhara, Samarkand, of thirteen. The whole tribes and territory were Mangit ulus and Kazakhs from the oppression of conquered according to the ways and rules of his the Turkmens who supported his coming to ancestors. He gave gifts with respect to power and the Karakalpaks living in Khorezm everyone’s career. He made the whole people moved to Yangisuv and Syrdarya rivers under join religion Islam… . And then Juji was the pressure of Shergozikhan in 1726/1727.