URBAN PLANNING DEVELOPMENT AND HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT IN ANCIENT CENTRAL ASIA

Аннотация

This article deals with the development of ancient urban planning, its material and spiritual sources, the existence of ancient cultural and material heritage in the heart of our homeland, as well as economic factors in the emergence of cities on the basis of historical facts from primitive society. KEYWORDS: - Urban planning, archeology, primitive period, handicrafts, art, history of architecture. understanding and development of human I NTRODUCTION consciousness and emotion to the emergence of the first states in the world. The history of the formation and centuries-old development of Central Asian urban planning has T HE MAIN RESULTS AND FINDINGS been studied during archeological excavations and scientific research. The history of Central The historical evidence that has come down to us Asian urban planning has evolved over the from the time of primitive society - labor and centuries, from the first settlements based on hunting weapons, household utensils and caves and tents to modern urban planning. ornaments, residential areas - material and spiritual sources of urban planning, helps to form The weakness of providing people with the an idea of the urban culture of primitive society. necessities of life has encouraged people to live Cultural and material monuments in the heart of and work as a team. They felt that power was in our motherland, bone remains of human and unity, and that power began to teach them the animal bodies, paintings and reliefs on the walls mysteries of nature. This was the basis for them of caves and basements are the main sources for to live as a community and to form settlements. studying the history of urban planning and The history of urban planning and architecture of architecture of primitive society. Urban planning the primitive period covers the period from the and architecture emerged and took shape in the CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 20 ISSN – 2767-472X https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(12): 20-23, December 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-12-05 ISSN 2767-472X ©2021 Master Journals Accepted 24thDecember, 2021 & Published 29thDecember, 2021 labor process in the lives of primitive people. The question of where and when the first city on our planet appeared still remains unanswered. The emergence and formation of habitats necessary for human life has been going on for centuries to the present day, and on this basis urban planning is developing. At a time when the first cities were beginning to take shape as a major part of human activity, the profession developed as a result of the division of labor in society. Military fortifications (fortified cities) began to appear to protect the city from external factors that hindered its development. Trade, handicrafts, art, and architecture began to take shape in the cities with strong protection. Over the centuries, the development of cities has changed its appearance, quality and form based The main economic factor in the formation of on the needs and requirements of society. The ancient city-states was the agriculture and formed city developed in conditions conducive to handicrafts of the settled population, which were the lifestyle and way of life of the society. In initially the economic center of the surrounding addition to social and functional conditions, the settlements, the center of social management of geographical environment and climate have also political, religious and self-governing stratified become an important factor in the formation and communities of a district, region or country. development of the city. The geographical which was. The formation of cities is historically environment has a great influence on the based on the economic life of society and the development of society and at the same time on existence of three other factors associated with the formation and development of the city. it. Because in order to live, to cultivate, you The first is favorable natural conditions, i.e. definitely need fertile land and water. That is fertile soil, water and other geographical factors; why cities are located in fertile lands near rivers the second is productive irrigated agriculture and streams. Geographical environment, i.e. and the agro-techniques that provide it. These various features of natural conditions can have a are the economic factors in the emergence of strong impact on the formation of the cities; Thirdly, conditions must be created for the environment, which can accelerate or slow down emergence of a system of religious, military and its development. political governance of a differentiated society based on these economic factors, ie radical changes in economic life (discovery of artificial irrigation systems in agriculture, pumping water from rivers through large canals, land use of hammers and animals in work, the discovery of spinning and weaving machines in the textile CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 21 ISSN – 2767-472X