THE HISTORY OF SPECIAL CAMPS IN GERMANY DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR

Аннотация

The history of special camps in the Soviet zone is practically an aspect of the Soviet occupation policy in Germany that has not been studied in historiography. This article highlights and analyzes various aspects of the history of these special camps: the reason for their creation, the course of the deployment of the camp system during the Second World War, the nature of the contingent held in the camps, their staffing, as well as the place of special camps in the system of Soviet military administration bodies and their role in the activities of Soviet state security bodies in East Germany in the first post-war years. KEYWORDS Internment, Soviet military administration in Germany( SVAG), occupation policy of the USSR in Germany, Buchenwald, NKVD special camps/The Ministry of Internal Affairs in Germany, camps, Second World War, facilities. Volume 03 Issue 01-2022 1 CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY (ISSN –2767-472X) VOLUME 03 ISSUE 01 Pages: 1-5 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 505) METADATA IF – 6.458 Publisher: Master Journals INTRODUCTION MAIN PART The Second World War was a truly fatal event. It has In the British zone, the largest internment camp was the radically changed the face of the world. The point of Staumule camp in the town of Hefelhof, it was view that it was the Second World War that became" designated as Civil Internment Camp No. 5 and was the root cause of the catastrophes of the XXI century " located in a former Nazi prisoner of war camp. From July has become widespread among historians. 1945 to December 1948, up to ten thousand people were Authoritative historians see the First World War as the interned in the five zones of the Staumule camp. In source of all, or at least most, of the catastrophes of addition, at the beginning of 1946, an additional zone the twenty-first century that would not have occurred was built, it contained alleged war criminals of the without it. The war marked the emergence of a highest ranks who were brought before the Nuremberg different pace of historical development, when the International Military Tribunal. Later, a local prison for development of a number of social processes took minors was located on this territory. months and days, which in normal peacetime British Civil Internment Camp No. 6 was located in the conditions took years and decades. The very nature of former Nazi concentration camp Neuengamme. Already the war was new to European history. It was so total on May 27, 1945, 7987 SS men from the deployment and comprehensive in nature: an unprecedented zone of the 9th US Army were delivered there. Later, the number of active army mobilizations, a long trench camp housed Nazi and state functionaries, alleged war warfare. criminals and persons allegedly posing a danger to the A large number of camps were organized by the Allied occupation authorities, mainly from Hamburg and authorities in occupied Germany to accommodate Schleswig-Holstein. On August 13, 1948, the camp was internees, including former Nazi concentration camps, handed over to the authorities of Hamburg, after prisoner-of-war camps and prisons. reconstruction it housed the city prison Vierlande, JVA XII. 46 facilities were used for internment in the American zone, including 37 camps, including the former Nazi The next by number, that is, Civil Internment Camp No. 7 death camp Dachau. During 1945-46, up to 25 thousand were: people (who were in the SS, SS troops (for example, * from November 1945 to September 1946, Camp former employees of the 1st SS Panzer Division "Adolf Roosevelt was a former Nazi prison camp (Russian camp) Hitler" and the 2nd SS Panzer Division "Reich", party and Stammlager VI A in the city of Hemer (by the end of 1944, state functionaries, Wehrmacht generals and others) there were up to 100 thousand Soviet prisoners of war were housed in it in four separate zones. On August 31, working in the nearest coal mines in" VI A"); 1948, the camp was handed over to the Bavarian authorities. The last prisoners left the camp on • from October 1946 to December 1947-the Ezelheide September 28 of the same year. Later, before the camp, organized in the former German prison camp memorial was organized in it, the camp was used to Stammlager VI K (326) near the town of Schloss-Holte- accommodate refugees and homeless people. Stuckenbrock (according to various sources, from 15 to 70 thousand Soviet prisoners of war died in VI K (326)). Volume 03 Issue 01-2022 2 CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY (ISSN –2767-472X) VOLUME 03 ISSUE 01 Pages: 1-5 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 505) METADATA IF – 6.458 Publisher: Master Journals British Civil Internment Camp No. 9 is a former three camps left, which were assigned a new numbering: concentration camp Esterwegen (one of the first KTS in special camp No. 1-Sachsenhausen, No. 2-Buchenwald, the north-west of Germany). No. 3-Bautzen. On September 28, 1949, the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) decided on the Smaller internment cam