Нарушение темпа психомоторного развития у детей раннего возраста с соматической патологией

Аннотация

"Психомоторное" развитие относится к изменениям в когнитивных, эмоциональных, двигательных и социальных способностях ребенка с самого начала жизни через эмбриональный и неонатальный периоды, младенчество, детство и юность. Это происходит в самых разных областях. Знание типичного развития ребенка и связанных с ним теорий и моделей очень полезно для клинической практики, приводя к распознаванию нарушений развития и способов их лечения. Тщательный, но целенаправленный анамнез и неврологическое обследование остаются наиболее важными начальными элементами неврологической диагностики в любом возрасте. Ключевые слова: психомоторное развитие, соматическая патология. 165 БИОМЕДИЦИНА ВА АМАЛИЁТ ЖУРНАЛИ | ЖУРНАЛ БИОМЕДИЦИНЫ И ПРАКТИКИ | JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICINE AND PRACTICE №3 | 2021 Умида Таджимуратовна БАБАДЖАНОВА Нодира Абдужаббаровна ХАМИДОВА Неврология, болалар неврологияси ва тиббиёт генетикаси кафедраси Тошкент педиатрия тиббиёт институти СОМАТИК ПАТОЛОГИЯЛИ ЁШ БОЛАЛАРДА ПСИХОМОТОР РИВОЖЛАНИШ ТЕЗЛИГИНИНГ БУЗИЛИШИ АННОТАЦИЯ "Психомотор" ривожланиш эмбрионал ва неонатал даврларда, чақалоқлик, болалик ва ўсмирлик даврида боланинг когнитив, ҳиссий, ҳаракат ва ижтимоий қобилиятларининг ўзгаришини англатади. Бу турли жараёнда содир бўлади. Одатда болаларнинг ривожланиши ва улар билан боғлиқ бўлган тегишли назариялар ва моделлар ҳақида билиш клиник амалиёт учун жуда фойдали бўлиб, ривожланишдаги касалликларини аниқлашда ва уларни даволашда аҳамиятли. Тўлиқ, мақсадга йўналтирилган анамнез ва неврологик текширув ҳар қандай ёшда неврологик ташхиснинг энг муҳим бошланғич элементлари ҳисобланади. Калит сўзлар: психомотор ривожланиш, соматик патология The relevance of the problem. The prevalence of psychomotor development delay (PMTD) among the child population is 8-10% [1,2,3,4]. SPD of somatogenic origin occurs in children with chronic somatic diseases of the heart, aorta and large vessels, lungs, kidneys, endocrine system, blood diseases, etc. Disorders of the nervous system in somatic diseases have a lot in common [6,7,8]. Most often, they are functional at first, and then turn into organic, due to metabolic disorders. And this in turn leads to a violation of the psychomotor development of children. There are many unexplored aspects of neurological pathology in somatic diseases in children [11,12]. The problem of somatically conditioned disorders of psychomotor development in children is widely studied in our country. However, there is insufficient data concerning the clinical manifestations, age-related features of the dynamics of psychosomatic disorders in children [9,10]. Objective: to study the features of neuropsychiatric development in sick children with somatic burden (diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory and cardiovascular systems). Materials and methods of research. To perform the tasks of the scientific study, a sample was created with the allocation of two groups of clinical observation: 60 children of the main group with somatic pathology and 25 conditionally healthy children of the comparison group. The study was conducted in the somatic department at the TashPMI clinic. The average age of children in the main group was 19.0±9.3 months, in the comparison group – 18.6±9.7 months (p>0.05). Among the examined children there were 35 (58.3%) boys and 25 girls (41.7%). The main group consisted of children with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory and cardiovascular systems. The comparison group consisted of young children of the department who were hospitalized as planned for a control examination, convalescents of somatic diseases and who did not have a deficit in weight indicators at the time of hospitalization. Children with acute infectious inflammatory diseases, severe forms of chromosomal and genetic diseases, and congenital malformations in the decompensation stage were excluded from the study group. All children underwent a standard clinical examination, including the collection of complaints and anamnesis, general examination, clinical neurological and psychodiagnostic studies. Anamnestic information was obtained when the child was admitted to the department from the outpatient card (registration form 112/y) simultaneously with an active survey of the child's mother. Anamnestic data includes: assessment of social (family composition and completeness, education of family members, presence or absence of bad habits in parents, psychological microclimate in the family), biological (antenatal, intranatal, postnatal) and genealogical history (calculation of the index of the burden of genealogical history). To assess the psychomotor development of children, we used the scale of assessment of the neuropsychiatric development of G. V. Pantyukhina-K. L. Pechora - E. L. Frucht [7]. The method checks the state of eight lines of development: visual and auditory orientation reactions, emotions and social behavior, general movements, actions with objects, speech 166 БИОМЕДИЦИНА ВА АМАЛИЁТ ЖУ