Применение новых методов обучения в медицинских вузах в условиях дистанционного обучения

Аннотация

This article is devoted to the application of new teaching methods in medical universities in the context of distance learning. The events of 2019 - 2020 related to the COVID-19 pandemic turned out to be not only a test for the economy of our country and its healthcare system, but also a kind of stress test for the education system. The system of higher medical education is no exception, which, in comparison with universities in other areas, faced additional difficulties. The quarantine conditions necessary to preserve the health and life of the population touched and could not but affect the medical education system. Spring semester of 2020 from March 18, in connection with measures to prevent the import and spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), training at universities in Uzbekistan was transferred to a distance format. During this period, a voluntary anonymous survey of 170 students was conducted. The distance form of the educational process is based on the principle of independent learning, in which students are distant from the teacher both in space and in time. At the same time, students have a constant opportunity to maintain constant information contact with teachers using modern Internet technologies. New forms of education are in demand at this time, as they form an extraordinary and effective approach to teaching in the subject of pharmacology. From the results of the survey it follows that the attitude to the possible use of elements of the distance learning system increases the independent training of students in pharmacology by 60 -70%. Distance learning in medical universities can be used as an alternative to traditional education in a pandemic. 1 Relevance The changes in modern life caused by the COVID-19 pandemic dictate the need for restructuring not only in the healthcare system, but in the education system. It is known that the development of modern information technologies expands the range of educational opportunities. Consequently, the effectiveness of distance learning directly depends on the Corresponding author: shahida63@inbox.ru Ф^ЯЙ1£ФЛЙ^^2021^13ЛЖ39^Ж13ЙСЫП J Ind Hyg Occup Dis , 2021 , Vol.39 , No.13 212 quality of the materials used and the skill of the teachers involved in the pedagogical process. Therefore, the pedagogical, meaningful organization of distance learning is a priority. To implement distance learning, the teacher must own teaching methods, assist students in mastering the capabilities of the on-line platform (conducting lectures, seminars, workshops, student scientific circle meetings, Olympiads, conferences) and the necessary software. The teacher needs to develop students' discipline and skills to comply with the deadlines for completing assignments, to carry out a timely assessment of student work. The term “innovation” has become increasingly applied to higher education. It implies a set of measures applied in higher education in Uzbekistan [8,11]. In medical universities, the training of doctors, which includes the development of various medical manipulations, the maintenance of medical records, the acquisition of communication skills and examination of the patient, etc. is carried out in the classical, full-time form of training. Skills and skills are mastered in practical training. In connection with the emerging unfavorable epidemiological situation, in order to reduce the risks of the spread of the coronavirus COVID-19, it became necessary to use new technologies in teaching university students, namely distance learning [7]. This led to the transition of all universities in our country completely to e-learning using distance learning technologies (DOT). At the Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute, distance learning is a cognitive and social process, not a process of transmitting information over the Internet. Contact work of a teacher and a student is carried out through dialogues in real time on the Zoom cloud platform; independent work - using e-mail, social networks, instant messengers (WhatsApp, Viber, vk.com.), as well as completing tasks on the Moodle platform. Unlike many theoretical disciplines of the curriculum in the specialty "Pediatrics", "General Medicine", "Medical - pedagogical business" and "Biomedical business" (1-3 courses), the subjects taught at the departments require students to master practical skills. The current system of studying theoretical and clinical disciplines with the use of DOT should not, in our opinion, affect the quality of training of future medical specialists. This required the teachers of the departments to use innovative approaches in the educational process, especially in teaching practical skills. 2 Purpose Acquaintance with innovative teaching methods in medical universities and their application in practice, explore the features of the use of interactive teaching methods with the use of situational tasks in working with students in the conditions of distance learning. 3 Methods and materials In t